Dve verzije inferencijalnog kontekstualizma
Two versions of inferential contextualism
Author
Čukljević, Filip
Mentor
Lazović, Živan
Committee members
Лазовић, Живан
Anđelković, Miroslava
Анђелковић, Мирослава
Bogdanovski, Mašan
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Predmet ovog istraživanja je inferencijalni kontekstualizam. Cilj je da se pokaže kako je, pored izvorne verzije koju zastupa Majkl Vilijams, moguća i drugačija, vitgenštajnovska verzija ovog stanovišta koja je prihvatljivija od Vilijamsove. Najpre ću prikazati u čemu se sastoji skeptički problem. Nakon toga ću skicirati osnovne pravce njegovog rešavanja, sa naglaskom na inferencijalnom kontekstualizmu. Izložiću osnovne ideje ovog stanovišta poput metodoloških nužnosti, epistemološkog realizma, prirodnih epistemičkih vrsti i epistemičke primarnosti. Potom ću se pozabaviti određenim internim kritikama Vilijamsovog stanovišta kako bih pokazao da im ono uspešno odoleva. Posle ovoga posvetiću se razvijanju alternativne verzije inferencijalnog kontekstualizma i utvrđivanju superiornosti ove teorije nad Vilijamsovom. Pokazaću kako se dolazi do pojmovnog prostora za formulisanje vitgenštajnovske teorije. Razmotriću prirodu neepistemičkog stava izvesnosti, ideje koja se prihvata unutar vitgenš...tajnovske ali ne i unutar Vilijamsove teorije, kao i način na koji je inferencijalni kontekstualizam u skladu sa ovom idejom čiji je tvorac Ludvig Vitgenštajn. Istaćiću prednost vitgenštajnovske teorije u odnosu na standardni tip interpretacije Vitgenštajnovog odgovora skeptiku. Na kraju, fokusiraću se na to da pokažem zašto vitgenštajnovska verzija predstavlja bolju teoriju od Vilijamsove. Tvrdiću da ona pruža verniji opis naše svakodnevne saznajne prakse, da je usklađenija sa načelnim antifundamentizmom inferencijalnog kontekstualizma, kao i da predstavlja uspešniju reakciju na skeptički problem u poređenju sa Vilijamsovom teorijom. U ovom istraživanju koristiću interpretativno-kritički metod, metod pojmovne i jezičke analize, kao i metod misaonog eksperimenta.
The subject of this study is inferential contextualism. Its aim is to show that, in addition to the original version which is advocated by Michael Williams, a different, Wittgensteinian version of this standpoint is possible, and that it represents a more acceptable theory than Williams'. First of all I shall indicate what the sceptical problem consists of. Thereafter I shall sketch the basic directions which its solving takes, with the accent on inferential contextualism. I shall expose the basic ideas of this position such as methodological necessities, epistemological realism, natural epistemic kinds and epistemic primacy. Then I shall deal with certain internal criticisms of Williams' position in order to show that it is successfully resistant to them. After this I shall devote myself to the development of an alternative version of inferential contextualism and to demonstrating the superiority of this theory over Williams'. I shall point out how one can arrive to the conceptual spa...ce necessary for formulating the Wittgensteinian theory. Next I shall consider the nature of non-epistemic attitude of certainty, an idea which is accepted in Wittgensteinian but not in Williams' theory, as well as the way in which inferential contextualism is compatible with this idea whose originator is Ludwig Wittgenstein. Subsequently I shall highlight the advantage that Wittgensteinian theory has compared to the standard type of interpretating Wittgenstein's answer to the sceptic. Ultimately, I shall focus on demonstrating why the Wittgensteinian version represents a better theory than Williams'. I shall claim that it provides a truer description of our everyday epistemic practise, that it is to a greater extent in accordance with the principle anti-foundationalism of inferential contextualism, as well as that it represents a more successful reaction to the sceptical problem compared to Williams' theory. In this research I shall use the interpretative-critical method, the methods of conceptual and linguistic analysis, as well as the method of thought experiment