Ekonomska efikasnost različitih modela ratarske proizvodnje na porodičnim gazdinstvima

Abstract

Povećanje efikasnosti proizvodnje porodičnih gazdinstava jedan je od glavnih pokretača ekonomskog rasta i preduslov za njihov dalji razvoj. Porodična gazdinstva koja efikasnije koriste svoje proizvodne resurse tokom vremena su u poziciji da više investiraju u porodično gazdinstvo i da rastu bez obzira na njihovu početnu veličinu i izazove sa kojima se suočavaju. Samim tim javlja se potreba za pronalaženjem ekonomski efikasnih modela ratarske proizvodnje na porodičnim gazdinstvima, što je bio i osnovi cilj ovog istraživanja. Kao osnovni izvor podataka za potrebe sprovođenja ovog istraživanja korišćeni su podaci prikupljeni detaljnim anketiranjem 100 nosilaca izabranih porodičnih gazdinstava. Prikupljeni podaci odnose se na proizvodnu 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014, 2014/2015. i 2015/2016. godinu. Izbor metoda koje su se koristile u istraživanju određen je definisanim predmetom istraživanja i postavljenim ciljevima, s jedne strane, i obimom i kvalitetom dostupnih podataka, s druge strane. S tim u vezi, za merenje efikasnosti ratarske proizvodnje na anketiranim porodičnim gazdinstvima u praksi se najčešće mora razmatrati više izlaza i ulaza koji su po svojoj prirodi heterogeni i izražavaju se u različitim jedinicama mere. Zbog toga je bilo neophodno definisati takvu meru efikasnosti koja će uzeti u obzir sve značajne rezultate ratarske proizvodnje i sve proizvodne resurse koji su korišćeni za njihovo ostvarivanje. To podrazumeva analizu efikasnosti primenom metode matematičkog programiranja kakva je analiza obavijanja podataka (engl. Data Envelopment Analysis ‒ DEA). Dobijena rešenja imaju posebna ekonomska tumačenja, i na osnovu njih su dobijene informacije koje su od značaja za upravljanje daljim poslovanjem kako efikasnih, tako i neefikasnih anketiranih porodičinih gazdinstava. Na kraju je sprovedena komparativna analiza ekonomske efikasnosti različitih modela ratarske proizvodnje na porodičnim gazdinstvima, čiji je cilj bio da se utvrdi da li postoje bilo kakve statistički značajne razlike između prosečne ekonomske efikasnosti različitih modela...

Increasing the production efficiency of family farms is one of the main drivers of economic growth and a prerequisite for their further development. Family farms that use productive resources more efficiently over time are in a position to invest more in the family farm and to grow regardless of their initial size and the challenges they face. Consequently, there is a need to find economically efficient models of crop production on family farms, which was the main goal of this research. Data collected by detailed surveying of 100 holders of selected family farms were used as the basic source for conducting this research. The collected data refer to the production years of 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The choice of methods used in the research was determined by the defined subject of research and set goals, on the one hand, and by the volume and quality of the available data, on the other hand. In this regard, in order to measure the efficiency of crop production on surveyed family farms, in practice, it is often necessary to consider multiple outputs and inputs that are by their nature heterogeneous and expressed in different units of measure. Therefore, it was necessary to define such an efficiency measure that would take into account all the significant results of crop production and all productive resources used for their realisation. This implies an analysis of the efficiency using the method of mathematical programming such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The obtained solutions have special economic interpretations and based on them the information important for managing the further business of both efficient and inefficient surveyed family farms was obtained. Finally, a comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of different models of crop production on family farms was carried out, aimed at determining whether there were any statistically significant differences between the average economic efficiencies of different models. To examine the existence of differences in the economic efficiency among different models, the Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted...