Uticaj visokointezivnog intervalnog treninga i rekreativnog fudbala na parametre zdravstvenog fitnesa dečaka sa povišenom telesnom masom

Abstract

The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine the effects of a 12 week highintensity interval training and recreational football on health-related fitness parameters in overweight male children. The study involved 42 boys classified as overweight or obese, aged 11-13 years, who were randomly devided in three groups each with 14 participants: high intensity interval training, recreational football and control group. In the group of recreational football, four boys dropped out from the srudy (n= 10, 11-13 years ± 6 months, 157.9 ± 5.8 cm, 63.7 ± 12.6 kg, BMI 25.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2), due to injuries and lack of time three boys dropped out high-intensity interval training group (n= 11, 11-13 years ± 6 months, 163.8 ± 9.4 cm, 71.5 ± 10.5 kg, BMI 26.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2), while the number of participants in the control group remained unchanged until the end of the study (n= 14, 11-13 years ± 6 months, 162.7 ± 9.3 cm, 67.4 ± 16.1 kg, BMI 25.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2). The duration of the training program was 12 weeks with three training sessions per week. The training program for the recreational football group lasted 60 minutes, while training for high-intensity interval training group in the first month lasted 36 minutes, in the second month 41 minutes and in the third month the duration was 46 minutes. All participants were tested in the following health-related fitness parameters, both on initial and final measurements: body composition, muscle fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility and biochemical parameters. After a 12 weeks training program, the absolute values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) significantly increased (p<0.05) in high-intensity interval training groupp<(81.22%, ES = 1.03) and recreational football group (79.83%, ES = 1.09), while the relative value of VO2max increased significantly (p<0.05) only in the group of recreational football (7.90%, ES = 1.09). Statistically, significant improvements in flexibility was noted (p<0.05) only in the group of recreational football in variables: lying on the back (30.86%, ES = 1.35) and flexibility in the folding of the body (21.84%, ES = 1.28). In both experimental groups indicated a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in resting heart rate (high-intensity interval training group (-2.49%, ES = -1.25),recreational football group (-3.59%, ES = -1.21)). The experimental program of both experimental groups observed a statistically significant improvements (p<0.05) in agility T-test (high-intensity interval training group (6.01%, ES = - 0.91), recreational football group (17.02%, ES = -1.05)). Also, both experimental groups noted a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood (highintensity interval training group (8.90%, ES = 1.58), recreational football group (9.11%, ES = 1.80)). The only statistically significant change (p<0.05) achieved in the control group performing regular sports and physical education classes was the increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood (8.17%, ES = 1.21). Based on the results obtained in this dissertation, we can conclude that both experimental programs – high-intensity interval training and recreational football were adequat to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, flexibility, and biochemical parameters in overweight and obese boys.. In contrast, aforementioned parameters remain unchanged during 12 weeks in control group.