Oralno zdravlje korisnika domova za stara lica - procena, nega i uticaj na kvalitet života

Abstract

Povećanje broja starijih institucionalizovanih osoba u svetu iziskuje dobru opštu zdravstvenu i stomatološku zaštitu ove grupe ljudi. Poboljšanje oralnog zdravlja može poboljšati opšte zdravlje i kvalitet bolesti i gubitka zuba. Pomoć u održavanju dobre oralne higijene, može uticati i na opšte zdravstveno stanje i kvalitet života korisnika domova za stara lica. CILJ. Cilj istraživanja bio je lica u Srbiji pomoću Geriatric Oral Health Assessment indeksa (GOHAI). Takođe, cilj da se ispita oralno zdravlje i njegova povezanost sa kvalitetom života korisnika domova za stara rada bio je ispitati nivo oralne higijene, zatim dentalni, parodontalni i protetski status institucionalizovanih osoba. Cilj je bio da se ispitaju stavovi i znanje negovatelja o oralnom zdravlju, kao i praksa koju primjenjuju u domovima za stara lica u Srbiji. MATERIJAL I METODE. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u ustanovi Gerontološki Centar Beograd, koji se sastoji od četiri doma za stara lica, locirana u urbanom području. Intervjuisana je i pregledana 301 osoba. Intervju je obuhvatio sociodemografske podatke, navike u održavanju oralne života korisnika domova za stara lica. Kod starijih osoba, korisnika domova za stara lica, postoji povećani rizik od nastanka karijesa, parodontalne higijene, subjektivnu procenu opšteg zdravstvenog stanja i stomatoprotetskog statusa. Kliničkim pregledom utvrđen je status zuba i parodontalnih tkiva korišćenjem DFMT i CPITN indeksa. Evidentirano je i zdravlje mekih tkiva usta. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 58 negovatelja, koji su kontaktirani radnim danima, u svim radnim smenama. Oni su zamoljeni da samostalno ispune upitnik sastavljen od pitanja zatvorenog tipa. Postojeće proteze ocenjene su u pogledu retencije, stabilizacije, abradiranosti, higijene i neophodnosti reparature. Kontrolnu grupu su predstavljali pacijenti korisnici usluga Klinike za stomatološku protetiku Stomatolškog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu. Srpska verzija upitnika GOHAI razvijena je u skladu s preporučenom backward-forward metodom...

As the number of institutionalized elderly in the world increases, so does the need for good medical and dental care for this group of people. Improving oral health can also improve residents’ general health and quality of life. Within the elderly population, residents in nursing homes, there is a greather risk of caries, periodontal disease and teeth loss. Assistance of caregivers in maintaininig good oral hygiene besides improving oral health can improve of residents general health and the qulity of their lives. AIM OF THE STUDY. The objective of our study was to investigate oral health related quality of life of institutionalized elderly in Serbia using Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Also, the aim of this research was to determine the oral hygiene level, dental, periodontal and prosthetic status of intitutionalized elderly persons. The aim was to examine the attitudes of caregivers and knowledge about oral health, as well as the practice regarding oral care they apply at nursing homes in Serbia. MATERIJALS AND METODS. The survey was conducted at the Gerontology Center Belgrade, consisting of four nursing homes located in the urban area. Three hundred and one persons were interviewed and clinically examined. The questionaire included sociodemographic data, habits concerning oral hygiene, subjective assessment of one’s own health and prosthetic status. Clinical examination determined dental and parodontal status by using DFMT and CPITN index. Condition of oral soft tissues was also estimated. The study included 58 caregivers. They were contacted on working days, in all work shifts. They were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire consisting of closed-type questions. Existing dentures were evaluated in terms of retention, stabilization, attrition, hygiene, and need for repairment. The control group was represented by patients of the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. The Serbian version of the GOHAI questionnaire was developed in accordance with the recommended backward- forward method...