Kvalitet trupova i mesa junadi u funkciji korišćenja semena lana u ishrani

Abstract

U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja mogućnosti proizvodnje goveđeg mesa sa izmenjenim sastavom masnih kiselina, pre svega sa povećanim sadržajem n-3 masnih kiselina u njemu. Ovaj zadatak postavljen je sa ciljem da se poboljšaju nutritivni kvalitet mesa, a da se pri tome ispitaju uticaji na rezultate tova, tehnološki i senzorni kvalitet mesa. Najprikladniji put rešavanja navedenog zadatka bio je da se ishrana životinja obogati visokim sadržajem n-3 masnih kiselina koje bi one deponovale u sopstvenim tkivima, koje čovek koristi u ishrani. S obzirom na navike u pogledu korišćenja mesa kao osnovne životne namirnice u našoj zemlji postoji veliko interesovanje za korišćenje prizvoda poboljšanog kvaliteta. Meso i pored toga što je omiljena namirnica, u nutritivnom smislu nije idealna, naročito zbog sastava masnih kiselina. Povećanjem sadržaja n-3 masnih kiselina u obrocima životinja može se poboljšati nutritivna vrednost mesa. Konzumiranjem mesa sa izmenjenim masnokiselinskim sastavom može se smanjiti rizik od nastanka nekih bolesti. Eksperiment je postavljen sa ciljem da se ispita efekat dodavanja semena lana, u ishranu junadi, u završnoj fazi tova. Za ogled je odabrano 18 junadi simentalske rase ujednačenih početnih telesnih masa, koja su podeljena u 3 grupe (kontrolna, prva i druga). Kontrolna grupa junadi nije konzumirala seme lana kao dodatak ishrani. Junad prve ogledne grupe je konzumirala seme lana u količini od 3,75% koncentrovanog dela obroka u poslednjih 90 dana tova, dok je za drugu oglednu grupu učešće semena lana iznosilo 8,75% koncentrovanog dela obroka tokom poslednjih 60 dana tova. Svako grlo iz prve ogledne grupe je dnevno konzumiralo 300 g, tj. ukupno 27 kg semena lana, dok je svako grlo iz druge ogledne grupe dnevno konzumiralo 700 g, tj. ukupno 42 kg semena lana. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ispitivanje rezultata tova, sastava trupa i parametara tehnološkog, senzornog i nutritivnog kvaliteta mišićnog i masnog tkiva. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da dodatak semena lana u ishrani nije imao statistički značajan uticaj na masu junadi tokom ogleda. Kontrola prosečnog dnevnog prirasta (PDP) obavljana je svakih 30 dana tokom ogleda. Utvrđeno je da dodatak semena lana u ishranu tokom završne faze tova nije imao uticaj na razlike u PDP junadi...

The results of testing of the possibility of production of beef with changed composition of fatty acids, primarily with increased content of n-3 fatty acids are presented in this doctoral dissertation. This task was set in order to improve the nutritive quality of meat, while examining the effect on the fattening results, the technological and sensory quality of the meat. The most appropriate way to solve this task was to enrich the animals’ diet with high content of n-3 fatty acids that would be deposited in their tissues, and later consumed in the human diet. Considering the habits regarding the use of meat as basic foodstuffs in our country, there is a great interest in using improved quality products. Meat, despite being a favourite food, in the nutritive sense is not ideal, especially because of the composition of fatty acids. By increasing the content of n-3 fatty acids in animals, the nutritional value of the meat can be improved. Consuming meat with altered fatty acid composition can reduce the risk of certain diseases. The experiment was set up with aim to examine the effect of adding flax seeds in the nutrition of cattle in the final stage of the fattening. In total 18 animals of Simmental breed of uniform initial body masses were selected, divided into 3 groups (control, first and second). The control group of cattle did not consume flax seeds as food supplements. The cattle of the first experimental group consumed flax seed in the amount of 3.75% of the concentrated portion of the meal in the last 90 days of fattening, while for the second experimental group, the share of flax seed was 8.75% of the concentrated portion of the meal during the last 60 days of fattening. Each animal from the first experimental group consumed daily 300 g, i.e. a total of 27 kg of flax seeds, while each animal from the second experimental group consumed daily 700 g, i.e., a total of 42 kg of flax seeds. The study included the examination of fattening results, the composition of the carcass and the parameters of the technological, sensory and nutritive quality of muscle and fat tissue. The results of the study showed that the addition of flax seed in the diet did not have a statistically significant effect on the weight of the beef during the experiment. Average daily gain (PDP-ADG average daily gain) was controlled every 30 days during the trial. It was found that the addition of flax seed in the diet during the final phase of fattening did not influence the differences in PDP-ADG average daily gain of cattle...