Merenje radionuklida u tlu i radona u zatvorenim prostorima na Kosovu i Metohiji
Measurement of radionuclides in soil and indoor radon on Kosovo and Metohija
Author
Gulan, LjiljanaMentor
Krstić, DraganaCommittee members
Nikezić, DragoslavŽunić, Zoran
Milić, Gordana
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SAŽETAK:
U ovom radu su gamaspektrometrijski određene aktivnosti radionuklida 226Ra,
232Th, 40K i 137Cs u 104 uzorka zemljišta sa 74 lokacije na Kosovu i Metohiji; njihove
srednje vrednosti iznose: 33, 35, 608 i 48 Bq kg-1, respektivno. Srednja vrednost jačine
doze gama zračenja koju prima stanovništvo usled spoljašnjeg izlaganja prirodnim
izvorima jonizujućih zračenja iz tla iznosi 61.5 nGy h-1 i slična je dobijenim vrednostima
u susednim zemljama. Doprinos efektivnoj dozi od prirodnih radionuklida je 87% (75.4 μSv
y-1), dok je doprinos dozi od 137Cs 13% (11.6 μSv y-1); srednja vrednost indeksa radijacionog
rizika usled spoljašnjeg izlaganja je 0.35. Izmerene aktivnosti i procenjeni parametri
ukazuju da na Kosovu i Metohiji ne postoji značajan rizik za stanovništvo usled
spoljašnjeg izlaganja izvorima jonizujućih zračenja iz tla. Utvrđeno je postojanje jake
korelacije između prirodnih radionuklida, što govori o njihovoj geohemijskoj povezanosti;
pokazano je da nema korelac...ija prirodnih radionuklida sa veštačkim radionuklidom 137Cs.
U radu su predstavljeni i rezultati merenja radona, torona i njihovih potomaka u
zatvorenim prostorijama pasivnom integracionom metodom pomoću trag detektora (CR-
39 i LR115) na 113 lokacija na Kosovu i Metohiji. Prema prosečnoj koncentraciji radona
iz dve prostorije u objektima (129 Bq m-3), srednja godišnja efektivna doza usled izlaganja
radonu i njegovim potomcima iznosi 3.25 mSv y-1. Identifikovane su lokacije na kojima
postoji povećan rizik usled izlaganja radonu u zatvorenim prostorijama; uzrok je povišen
sadržaj radionuklida u tlu. Procenjena godišnja efektivna doza usled izlaganja toronu i
njihovim potomcima je 4 puta veća od prosečne svetske vrednosti.
U okviru rada prvi put su direktno merene ravnotežne ekvivalentne
koncentracije radona (EERC) i torona (EETC) i na osnovu njih su određeni ravnotežni
faktori za radon i toron za atmosfere zatvorenih prostorija i oni iznose 0.47 i 0.021,
respektivno. Utvrđene su slabe pozitivne korelacije 226Ra i 232Th sa izotopom radona
222Rn; između ostalih radionuklida i izotopa radona nema korelacija. Analizirane su i
diskutovane korelacije između izmerenih koncentracija radona i torona (R2=0.032) i
korelacije između odgovora različitih vrsta detektorskih sistema.
SUMMARY:
In this study, the specific activities of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in 104 soil
samples collected from 74 locations of Kosovo were determined by gamma ray spectrometry; the
mean values were found: 33, 35, 608 and 48 Bq kg-1, respectively. The mean value of absorbed
dose rate in the air due to natural sources of ionizing radiation from the soil is 61.5 nGy h-1 and it
is similar to the values obtained in the neighboring countries. The contribution to the effective
dose from natural radionuclides is 87% (75.4 μSv y-1), while the contribution to the dose that
comes from 137Cs is 13% (11.6 μSv y-1); mean value of external hazard index is 0.35. The
measured activities and the estimated parameters indicate that there is no significant risk to the
population of Kosovo and Metohija due to external exposure to ionizing radiation from the soil.
A strong positive correlation exists between natural radionuclides, indicating their geochemical
relation; it has been... shown that there is no correlation between natural radionuclides and
artificial radionuclide 137Cs.
The thesis presents the results of measurements indoor radon, indoor thoron and their
progenies using passive integration method with track detectors (CR-39 and LR115) at 113
locations in Kosovo and Metohija. According to the average indoor radon concentration in two
rooms of dwellings (129 Bq m-3), the mean annual effective dose from exposure to radon and its
progenies amounts 3.25 mSv y-1. Locations with an increased risk from exposure to indoor radon
were identified; cause of the high content of radionuclides in the soil. The mean annual effective
dose from exposure to thoron and its progenies is 4 times higher than the world average values.
Equilibrium equivalent concentration of radon (EERC) and thoron (EETC) were directly
measured for the first time and from them certain equilibrium factors for radon and thoron of
indoor atmospheres were calculated and they are 0.47 and 0.021, respectively. Weak positive
correlation of 226Ra and 232Th with radon isotope 222Rn were found; there is no correlation
between the other radionuclides and radon isotopes. The correlation between the measured
concentration of radon and thoron (R2 = 0.032) were analyzed and discussed and also correlation
between the responses of different detector types.
Faculty:
Универзитет у Крагујевцу, Природно-математички факултетDate:
23-09-2014Projects:
- An integral study to identify the regional genetic and environmental risk factors for the common noncommunicable diseases in the human population of Serbia - INGEMA_S (RS-41028)
- Biosensing Technologies and Global System for Long-Term Research and Integrated Management of Ecosystems (RS-43002)
- Experimental and theoretical investigation in Radiation physics and radioecology (RS-171021)