Analiza tehno-ekonomske opravdanosti iskorišćenja surutke u Srbiji

Abstract

Surutka je glavni sporedni proizvod industrije mleka, koji nastaje pri enzimskom ili kiselinskom tretmanu mleka, tokom procesa proizvodnje sira. Zbog svog sastava surutka predstavlja dobar supstrat za primenu u različitim biotehnološkim procesima, koji podrazumevaju proizvodnju laktoze, proteinskih koncentrata i hidrolizata, funkcionalnih fermentisanih napitaka, enzima itd. Shodno velikom potencijalu koji surutka poseduje osnovni ciljevi kojima pri njenoj preradi treba težiti su dodatno unapređenje sastava u funkcionalnom smislu kao i unapređenje senzornih svojstava radi lakšeg uključivanja surutke u ishranu ljudi. Predmet ove disertacije je ispitivanje mogućnosti korišćenja surutke u različitim tehnološkim procesima i analiza profitabilnosti različitih procesa u kojima se iskorišćava surutka. U radu je korišćen licencirani programski softver SuperPro Designer. Ovaj program daje mogućnosti za pronalaženje optimalnog postupka analiza profitabilnosti, skraćenja vremena potrebnog za odvijanje celokupnog procesa ili pojedinih faza procesa i omogućava poređenje alternativnih procesa iskorišćenja surutke. Tako se može odrediti uticaj promenljivih parametara, kao što su troškovi sirovina, varijacije u sastavu proizvoda i ugradnje novih tehnologija, a time na jednostavan i brz način proceniti održivost proizvodnje. U disertaciji su obuhvaćene tehno-ekonomske analize tri različita postupaka prizvodnje; proizvodnja laktoze i koncentrata proteina surutke, proizvodnja funkcionalnog napitka na bazi surutke i proizvodnja bioaktivnih hidrolizata proteina surutke. Pokazano je da za postrojenje za proizvodnju laktoze sa osnovnim kapacitetom od 1.000 kg/h ukupne investicije kapitala iznose 20.985.000 $, direktni troškovi fiksnog kapitala 19.634.000 $, operativni troškovi 8.614.932 $/godini, bruto marža iznosi 68.53 % i povratak investicije je 62.70 %. Period otplate u ovom ispitivanju iznose 1.59 za godinu dana i da interna stopa povraćaja (IRR) nakon poreza iznosi 45.86 %...

Whey is the main by-product of the milk industry, which occurs in the enzymatic or acid treatment of milk, during the process of cheese production. Due to its composition, whey is a good substrate for use in various biotechnological processes, which include the production of lactose, protein concentrates and hydrolysates, functional fermented beverages, enzymes, etc. In accordance with the great potential that the whey possesses, the basic goals that need to be addressed in its processing are further improving the composition in a functional sense as well as improving the sensory properties for easier inclusion of whey in human nutrition. The subject of this dissertation is testing the possibility of using whey in different technological processes and analyzing the profitability of various processes in which whey is used. In this work, the licensed SuperPro Designer software was used. This program provides the opportunity to find an optimal method of analyzing profitability, shortening the time needed to complete the whole process or individual stages of the process, and allowing comparison of alternative processes of whey exploitation. This can determine the influence of variable parameters, such as raw material costs, variations in product composition and the installation of new technologies, thus assessing the sustainability of production in a simple and quick way. The dissertation includes a techno-economic analysis of three different production processes; production of lactose and whey protein concentrate, production of functional beverage based on whey and production of bioactive hydrolysates of whey proteins. It has been shown that for a lactose production plant with a basic capacity of 1,000 kg/h to total capital investments amounting to 20.985.000 $, direct fixed capital costs amount to 19.634.000 $, operating costs 8,614.932 $per year, gross margin 68.53%, return investment is 62.70%. The repayment period in this test is 1.59 for a year. The internal rate of return (IRR) tax rate is 45.86%...