Efikasnost zeolita i apatita u mobilnosti teških metala u zemljištima i biljkama
Efficiency zeolite and apatite in mobility harmful heavy metals in soil and plants.
Докторанд
Grubišić, Mirko S.Ментор
Bošković-Rakočević, LjiljanaЧланови комисије
Đurić, MilenaStojanović, Mirjana
Dugalić, Goran
Paunović, Aleksandar
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Rezime:
Poznavanja mobilnosti teških metala Pb, Cd, Zn i radionuklida U
predstvalja jedan od ciljeva zaštite, uređenja i racionalnog korišćenja
poljoprivrednog zemljišta sa aspekta proizvodnje zadravstveno bezbedne hrane.
Cilj istraživanja disertacije je proučavanje efikasnosti prirodnih
mineralnih sirovina na bazi zeolita i apatita sa domaćih nalazišta u
mobilnosti teških metala i radionuklida u zemljištima različitih fizičko-
hemijskih karakteristika (pseudoglej i černozem) koristeći test kulture slačicu
(Sinapis Alba L.) i suncokret (Hellianthus annuus L.). Afinitet, efikasnost,
mehanizmi adsorpcije zeolita i precipitacije apatita utvrđeni su u sistemu
kolona sa konstantnim pritiskom, pri različitim pH vrednostima (5.00, 7.00)
osnovnog kontaminiranog rastvora (Pb, Cd, Zn, U) 300 mg l
-1 u vremenskim
intervalima 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minuta. U svim varijantama došlo je do značajnih
promena pH vrednosti filtrata. Najviše promene pH vrednosti filtrata,
minimalna kolebanja... u vremenskom intervalu, pri pH=5.00, zabeležili su
osnovni rastvori Pb (7.69-7.87) i U (7.77-7.93) kroz kolonu sa apatitom i nešto
nižim promenama za Cd i Zn. Promene pH vrednosti osnovnih kontaminiranih
rastvora, pH =5.00, zabeležene su i nakon propuštanja kroz kolone sa zeolitom
ali znatno manjeg intenziteta sa trendom promena U>Pb>Cd>Zn. Trend promena
između apatita i zeolita nastupile su i kod osnovnog kontaminiranog rastvora
pH =7.00. Zeolit i apatit procesima adsorpcije/precipitacije uspešno su
imobilisali Pb, pri pH vrednosti osnovnog rastvora 5.00 i 7.00. U kolonama
apatit je bolje imobilisao U, zeolit je bolji za imobilizaciju Cd, dok su za Zn
pokazali veoma sličan afinitet. Zeolit i apatit dodati u količini od 20 g kg-1
zemljišta smanjuju sadržaj vodnorastvorljivih i lakopristupačnih oblika Pb, Cd
i Zn u nekontaminiranom i kontaminiranom zemljištu. Kontaminacija
pseudogleja i černozema sa Pb i U je negativno uticala na morfofiziološke
osobine suncokreta, dok je uticaj za Cd i Zn zavisio od tipa zemljišta. Povećano
prisustvo Pb i U na černozemu negativno je uticalo na slačicu, Cd i U u
pseudogleju su uticali stimulativno, dok je uticaj ostalih teških metala i
radionuklida na masu korena i nadzemnu masu različit i zavisi od tipa
zemljišta. Dostupnost Pb i Cd biljkama je veća u pseudoglejnom zemljištu,
najvećim delom se akumulira u korenu, sa malom translokacijom u nadzemne delove
za Pb i dobrom za Cd i većim afinitetom kod slačice. Cink je veoma mobilan u
pseudoglejnom zemljištu, sadržaj Zn u korenu je niži od sadržaja u nadzemnim
delovima i kod suncokreta i slačice. Mobilnost urana je veća u černozemu, pri
čemu najveći deo ostaje u korenu biljke. Upotrebom zeolita, posebno apatita
smanjen je sadržaj mobilnih formi toksičnih metala i radionuklida u
zemljištu, dostupnost biljkama, kao i sadržaj u korenu i nadzemnoj masi
suncokreta i slačice.
SUMMARY:
Knowledge of the mobility of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Zn and radionuclides U
represents one of the goals of protection, regulation and rational use of agricultural soils
from the aspect of production of safe food. The aim of the research thesis is the study of the
efficiency of natural mineral materials based on zeolite and apatite from domestic deposits
in the mobility of heavy metals and radionuclides in the soils of the different physicochemical
characteristics (pseudogley and chernozem) using a test culture mustard (Sinapis
alba L.) and sunflower (Hellianthus annuus L.). Affinity, efficiency, zeolite adsorption
mechanisms and apatite adsorption precipitation were determined in a constant-pressure
column system at 300 mg l-1
for different pH values (5.00, 7.00) of the basic contaminated
solution (Pb, Cd, Zn, U) at time intervals 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes. In all variants,
significant changes in the pH of the filtrate occurred. The most significant changes in the
...
pH of the filtrate, minimal fluctuations in the time interval, at pH = 5.00, recorded the basic
solutions of Pb (7.69-7.87) and U (7.77-7.93) through the column with apatite and somewhat
lower changes for Cd and Zn. Changes in the pH of the basic contaminated solutions,
pH=5.00, were also recorded after leaking through the zeolite columns but with
significantly lower intensity with the trend of changes U> Pb> Cd> Zn. The trend of
changes between apatite and zeolite also occurred in the basic contaminated solution
pH=7.00. Zeolite and apatite adsorption/precipitation processes successfully immobilized
Pb at pH of the basic solution 5.00 and 7.00. In colonies, apatite better immobilized U,
zeolite is better for immobilisation of Cd, while for Zn, they showed a very similar affinity.
Zeolite and apatite are added in an amount of 20 g kg-1 soil to reduce the content of watersoluble
and easily accessible forms of Pb, Cd and Zn in uncontaminated and contaminated
soil. Contamination of pseudogley and chernozems with Pb and U negatively influenced
the morpho-physiological characteristics of sunflower, while the influence of Cd and Zn
was dependent on the soil type. The increased presence of Pb and U in chernozems had a
negative impact on the mustard, Cd and U in pseudogley were influenced by stimulus,
while the influence of other heavy metals and radionuclides on the root mass and above
ground mass varies and depends on the type of soil. The availability of Pb and Cd plants is
higher in pseudogley soil, mostly accumulating at the root, with a small translocation into
the above-ground parts for Pb and good for Cd and greater affinity in the mustard. Zinc is
very mobile in pseudogley soil, the content of Zn at the root is lower than the content in the
above-ground parts and sunflower and mushrooms. Uranium mobility is higher in
chernozem, with most of it remaining at the root of the plant. The use of zeolite, especially
apatite, reduced the content of mobile forms of toxic metals and radionuclides in soil,
availability to plants, as well as the content at the root and above ground mass of sunflower
and mustard.