Preplitanje kultura na tlu Srbije u osmansko doba - na primeru alhamijado književnosti
Interweaving of cultures in the area of Serbia within the Ottoman time - in an example of Alhamiado literature
Metapodaci
Prikaz svih podataka o disertacijiSažetak
Alhamijado književnost javlja se kao civilizacijski fenomen preplitanja kultura Istoka i
Zapada, slovenskih jezika i semitskog pisma. Ona je kao pojava postojala kod brojnih
evropskih naroda i jezika, ali je na južnoslovenskom prostoru doživela dugu i bogatu
istorijsku tradiciju. Kod nekih naroda ovo karakteristično književno pisanje potpuno je
iščezlo, dok se kod nekih ova književnost čuva kao veličanstvena kulturna pojava.
Preplitanje islamske i hrišćanske tradicije, Orijenta i Okcidenta, dolazeće osmanske i
domaće slovenske kulture otvorene za prihvatanje novina, iznedrilo je značajna
književna dela kod južnoslovenskih naroda. Kako su Osmanlije Balkan zauzele u prvoj
polovini 15. veka i uspostavile administrativno-pravnu vlasti, tako je došlo do bogatog
preplitanja različitih tradicija na relativno malom prostoru. U novonastaloj situaciji,
stanovništvo od osvajača prihvata mnoge kulturne odlike koje su kompatibilne sa
domaćom kulturom. Ta su preplitanja, naravno veoma upečatljiva u ...kulturi onog dela
stanovništva koje prihvata religiju nadirućeg Carstva. Dodir kultura možda je
najočigledniji upravo u alhamijado literaturi u kojoj je pismo arapsko, a jezik domaći,
narodni. Zapravo, islamizirano stanovništvo gradi svoju novu kulturnu formu koja
sadrži jezik kao temeljnu odrednicu jedne etničke skupine i arebicu, prilagođeno
arapsko pismo, kao vezu sa Kur’anom, svetom muslimanskom knjigom. Temelji ove
kulturološke pojave grade se na ukrštanju i spajanju tradicionalnog i usvojenog. Srpski
jezik i prostor današnje Srbije nije bio imun na prihvatanja sa strane i mešanje domaće
pravoslavne i dolazeće islamske kulture. Doduše, iako je bilo alhamijado književnih
radova i kod hrišćanskog stanovništva, većinu tekstova ove književne vrste i na prostoru
Srbije napisali su oni koji su prihvatili islamsku veru i tradiciju. Pismenost koju su
sticali u osnovnim verskim školama učeći arapsko, odnosno kur’ansko pismo iskoristili
su da na domaćem jeziku, u koji su ulazile reči orijentalnog porekla, pišu svoje
književne radove, pesme, priče, mevlude, nasihate, poeme, ali i pripreme za predavanja,
da sastavljaju rečnike, prevode Kur’an i slično. Kako je osnovno islamsko versko
obrazovanje u vreme Osmanlija bilo obavezno, tako su u naš jezik najbrže i najlakše
ulazili termini karakteristični za islamsko učenje i praksu. To privikavanje na pridošle
reči je postajalo sve očitije pa, iako je jedan deo tih reči polako iščezavao, za mnoge od
njih i danas ne postoji adekvatna zamena u našem jeziku...
Alhamiado Literature appears as a civilisation phenomenon within interweaving of
Eastern and Western cultures, Slavic languages and Semite alphabet. It existed as a
phenomenon within numerous nations and languages, but in the south Slavic area, it has
undergone a long and rich historical tradition. With some nations, this characteristic
literature writing has completely vanished, while with some, this literature has been kept
as a magnificent cultural phenomenon. The interweaving of Islamic and Christian
tradition, Orient and Occident, an upcoming Ottoman and domestic Slavic culture, open
for accepting novelties, has blossom significant literature works within south Slavic
people. As the Ottomans overtook the Balkan in the first half of XV century, and
established administrative-legal power, a rich interweaving of different traditions
appeared in a relatively small area. In this newly created situation, the population
accepted from its conquerors numerous cultural characteristics, comp...atible with
domestic culture. This interweaving is very remarkable in the culture of a part of the
population that accepted the religion of an invading Empire. A touch of cultures is
perhaps the most obvious precisely in Alhamiado Literature, where the alphabet is
Arabic, and its language domestic, folk one. Actually, Islamized population builds its
new culture, a new cultural form that contains language as a fundamental determinant of
an ethnic group and Arabica, an adopted Arabic alphabet, as a link with the Quran, a
holy Muslim book. The foundations of this cultural phenomenon are built in intersecting
and connecting of traditional and adopted one. The Serbian language and the area of
today’s Serbia were not immune to accepting sideward and interfering of domestic
Orthodox and upcoming Islamic culture. Although, there were Alhamiado Literature
works even within Christian population, the majority of texts of this literature type in
the area of Serbia were written by the ones who accepted Islamic religion and tradition.
Literacy, they gained in their Primary Religious Schools, by learning Arabic, i.e. the
Quran alphabet, were used in domestic language either, and words of Oriental origin
entered the language, literature works were written, poems, stories, mevluds, nasihats,
but also preparations for lectures, composing of dictionaries, translations of the Quran
and similar. As Primary Religious Islamic Education was obligatory in the Ottoman
times, thus our language entered in the fastest and the easiest the terms characteristic for
Islamic learning and practice. This adoption to new words was getting more and more
obvious, and although a part of these words slowly disappeared, for numerous ones,
even today, there is no adequate replacement in our language...