Fauna cikada (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) u vinogradima Makedonije i njihova uloga u epidemologiji ""Candidatus Phytoplasma solani""
Auchenorrhyncha) in the vineyards of macedonia and their role in the epidemiology of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani'
Докторанд
Atanasova, BiljanaМентор
Tomanović, ŽeljkoЧланови комисије
Cvrković, TatjanaToševski, Ivo
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Bois noir (BN), oboljenje koje izaziva stolbur fitoplazma, nanosi velike štete u
vinogradarskim regionima širom Evro-mediteranskog basena. Tokom 2012. i 2013. godine
preduzeta su epidemiološka istraživanja za određivanje potencijalnih insekata vektora i
najvažnijih biljaka rezervoara BN fitoplazme u makedonskim vinogradima, u jugoistočnom
delu zemlje. Istraživanjem diverziteta vrsta iz podreda Auchenorrhyncha utvrđeno je
prisustvo 27 vrsta cikada u okviru 6 familija. Ukupno je registrovana 21 vrsta familije
Cicadellidae, 2 vrste familije Cixiidae i po jedan predstavnik familija Aphrophoridae,
Delphacidae, Dyctiopharidae i Issidae. Tokom istraživanja utvrđena je izrazita učestalost
glavnog vektora stolbur fitoplazme, cikade Hyalesthes obsoletus, dok drugi dokumentovani
vektor BN, Reptalus panzeri, nije zabeležen u makedonskim vinogradima. Molekularna
karakterizacija ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ u analiziranom materijalu vršena je
analizom genskih regiona tuf, stamp i vmp1 gena, RFLP ...metodom i sekvenciranjem. Cilj
karakterizacije je da se stekne detaljan uvid u molekularnu raznolikost izolata stolbur
fitoplazme povezanih sa vinovom lozom, potencijalnim biljkama rezervoarima (Urtica
dioica i Convolvolus arvensis) i jedinkama H. obsoletus sakupljenim na ovim biljkama.
Ukupno je analizirano 91 izolat stolbur fitoplazme među kojima je identifikovano 3 tuf, 5
vmp1 i 11 različitih stamp genotipova. Na osnovu sveobuhvatne tuf/vmp1/stamp
genotipizacije utvrđeno je ukupno 12 genotipova stolbur fitoplazme. Najveći diverzitet
genotipova je identifikovan među izolatima iz H. obsoletus sakupljenim na U. dioica, od
kojih je najčešće bio prisutan genotip tuf-ab/V18/M1 (43%). Tuf-b/V2-TA/STOL genotip
je utvrđen u 33% prirodno inficiranih biljaka vinove loze. Dva genotipa stolbur fitoplazme
povezana su sa U. dioica: tuf-ab/V18/M1 (60%) i tuf-a/V3/M4 (40%), dok je samo jedan
genotip (tuf-b/V2-TA/Rqg50) povezan sa C. arvensis.
Bois noir (BN), induced by stolbur phytoplasma, is an important grapevine yellows disease
that causes severe damage in viticultural regions throughout the Euro-Mediterranean basin.
Epidemiological survey to determine potential insect vectors and the main reservoir plants
of BN phytoplasma in Macedonian vineyards was undertaken between 2012 and 2013 in
southeastern part of the country. The study of the species diversity from the suborder
Auchenorrhycha revealed the presence of 27 species, belonging to 6 families. The most
numerous was family Cicadellidae with 21 species, followed by family Cixiidae with 2
species, Aphrophoridae, Delphacidae, Dyctiopharidae and Issidae with only one species
recorded. Our study revealed the high abundance of the principal vector of stolbur
phytoplasma, the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus, while the second documented vector of
BN, Reptalus panzeri, was not recorded in Macedonian vineyards. A molecular
characterization performed by sequence and/or RFLP typ...ing of tuf, vmp1 and stamp genes,
was used to gain detailed insight into the molecular diversity of the stolbur phytoplasma
isolates associated with grapevine, tentative reservoir plants (Urtica dioica and
Convolvulus arvensis) and H. obsoletus associated with them. Among 91 stolbur isolates
detected in diverse plant and insect hosts 3 tuf, 5 vmp1 and 11 distinct stamp genotypes
were identified. Overall, twelve comprehensive genotypes of stolbur phytoplasma were
detected according to tuf/vmp1/stamp genotyping. The highest diversity of genotypes was
detected among the isolates from H. obsoletus associated with U. dioica, of which the most
frequent genotype was tuf-ab/V18/M1 (43%). Tuf-b/V2-TA/STOL comprehensive
genotype was found in 33% of naturally infected grapevines. Two stolbur phytoplasma
genotypes were associated with U. dioica: (i) tuf-ab/V18/M1 (60%) and tuf-a/V3/M4
(40%), while only one genotype (tuf-b/V2-TA/Rqg50) was associated with C. arvensis.