Razvoj metodologije koordinacije procene i upravljanja ekološkim rizikom u industriji boja i lakova

Abstract

The paint and varnish industry, as part of the chemical industry, uses a large number of raw materials in the technological process of production, which according to their chemical composition belong to the group of hazardous chemicals. In order to develop a methodology for assessing and managing environmental risk in the paint and varnish industry, knowledge of the qualitative-quantitative chemical composition of raw materials, finished products and waste materials from the technological process is necessary. Given that environmental risk is determined in relation to the probability of damage to human health and the state of the environment due to uncontrolled emission of polluting substances and chemical accidents, it is necessary to know the functioning of processes and operations in the technological process of paint and varnish production. The elements of environmental risk assessment include the identification of pollution sources, vulnerability assessment, overall risk characteristics using parameters (qualitative and quantitative) for air, water and soil pollution. The result is a response to an identified source of danger, i.e. environmental risk management with certain regulatory, alternative and other instruments, which determines the technological feasibility of responding to environmental risk. The subject of the research of the doctoral dissertation is the development of the basis of the methodology for the coordination of environmental risk assessment and management, which is based on the cause-and-effect relationship between the action of polluting substances, the assessment of the consequences for the environment and the environmental protection measures taken. The contribution to the development of the research subject was made according to the cause-and-effect relationship model, which was the main goal, and at the same time, the expected result of the research. The research starts from the basic hypothesis that the application of the methodology, which coordinates the assessment and management of environmental risk, does not increase, reduce or completely eliminate environmental risks. When interpreting the topic, general scientific methods, special methods of knowledge and special methods were applied, that is, their unification in order to improve research that connects the concrete assessment of the element of environmental risk with environmental protection measures. The paper provides extensive existing theoretical coverage of all chapters, which provides the basis for the qualitative-quantitative impact of the paint and varnish industry on the environment. After the introductory part, the second chapter deals with basic raw materials and the technological process of paint and varnish production. In the third chapter, a description of the identified dangerous substances in the paint and varnish industry is given, with an overview of their general chemical and physical and chemical characteristics.The analysis of hazardous substances was done specifically from the aspect of their toxicity and negative impact on the environment. In the fourth chapter, "Waste in the paint and varnish industry", an overview of waste with the property of hazardous substances, as solid, liquid and gaseous waste, is given. "Environmental risk assessment" is the fifth chapter of the doctoral dissertation.This chapter includes a systemic understanding of the environmental and technogenic risk assessment process.Within the chapter, an assessment of the risk of an individual plant, object, continuous emissions, chemical accidents and an assessment of the health risk caused by hazardous substances used in the technological process of production of paints and varnishes was performed. In the sixth chapter, "Environmental risk management", the model and process of environmental risk management, as well as its degree of acceptability and the concept of absolute safety, are given. "Proposal of the methodology for the coordination of assessment and management of environmental risk" is the seventh chapter, in which the management of environmental risk from technogenic hazards is theoretically elaborated.Based on the physical-chemical properties of substances used in the paint and varnish industry, the most significant risks to the components of the ecosystem, the biosphere, the anthroposphere and the human population are estimated.Based on this, the calculation of the volume of contaminated water under certain production conditions is given, as well as the scenario of the emission of organic solvents into the atmosphere in the event of a hazard.The risk assessment was performed using a combination of the tabular-matrix method and the REHRA method.As a result of the environmental risk assessment, the choice and application of management techniques, methods of prevention, protection and rehabilitation was given.