Posturalni status i telesni sastav dece školskog uzrasta

Abstract

Introduction: Contemporary living circumstances offer possibilities of a progress in almost all spheres of life of one child, but there are also some negative aspects such as hypo kinesis, postural disorders, and obesity. Results of previous researches show that postural disorders and state of body composition in a period of an early adolescence represent one of the fastest growing health disorders in this age. In accordance with this, the main goal of this research is to establish the condition and difference of the postural state of the spine and body composition of children of seniour classes of primary school as well as connection and influence of body composition and postural status. Method: The sample of respondents was comprised of 484 children of primary-school age of both genders from the territory of the town Knjazevac. This municipality represents a group of municipalities up to 30 000 inhabitants and such are located on the 49,6% of the territory of Serbia. Instruments used for gathering measured parametres were: anthropometar (SECA model 284; SECA, Hamburg, Germany), an instrument for assessment of body composition Inbody 770, ( Inbody Co, Seoul, Korea) and an instrument for diagnosing of postural status of the spine ( Formetric 4D System, Diers, Germany). For the analysis of the gathered data were used: descriptive and percentage analysis, Hi square test for testing independence with Z test supplement was used to determine differences, ANOVA test was used to determine trend of changes, Eta coefficient was used to determine correlational values, and discriminatory analysis to determine the contribution of parametres of body composition on postural status of the spine. Results: The results have indicated that in the sagittal plane the percentage of postural disorders was present at 69,2% of the respondents (Male =67,5%; Female 71,1%), while that percentage in the frontal plane was 39,5% ( M=32,5; F=47%). Also, a statistically significant difference was observed by gender in the prevalence of the postural disorders and normal posture only in the frontal plane (М=0.000; Ж=0.393) while this was not observed in the sagittal plane of the spine (М=0.000; Ж=0.000). By analyzing the results, only statistically significant difference between genders in the state of postural status of the frontal plane was observed (total=0.001; by classes V=0.053; VI=0.155; VII=0.186; VIII=0.050) while in the postural status of the sagittal plane, a statistically significant difference between genders was not observed (total=0.383; by classes V=0.359; VI=0.596; VII=0.009; VIII=0.257). By ANOVA analysis was determined the presence of a statistically significant trend of changes in all analyzed parametres for the evaluation of body composition except PFM (sig=0.145). Eta coefficient has indicated that there is a statistically significant correlation of the postural status of the spine in the frontal plane and all parametres of body composition, while with the postural status in the sagittal plane variables of body composition that do not correlate are BMFkg (sig=0.072) and PBF (sig=0.070). The results of the discriminatory analysis have indicated to the existence of the statistically significant contribution of the paratmetres of body composition (BFMkg=.875; PBF=859; RSMM=-.730; PFFM=-.658) on the postural status in the sagittal plane of the spine, while the greatest contribution were recorded in the variables (BFMkg=-.638; PBF=-.692; RSMM=.734; PFFM=.615) on the postural status in the frontal plane. Conclusion: It may be concluded that there is high prevalence of the postural disorders of the spine in children of the senior classes in primary school, primarily in the sagittal plane and that there is a gender difference in the prevalence of the spinal deformities in certain regions. Also, in this age period, based on the results of trend analyses, gender differences in body composition parametres are clearly indicated: muscle mass, body fat mass as well as different influence of the parametres of body composition on the state of the postural status of the spine. In accordance with the findings obtained, it is clear that the approach to solving the problem of the current state of the postural disorders on the spine and the parametres of body composition must be different according to gender but also according to age.