Hemijski sastav, antibakterijska, antioksidativna i genotoksična aktivnost lišajeva Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Frey, Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise, Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. i Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.

Abstract

Through this doctoral thesis chemical composition of acetone, ether, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts and antioxidant, antibacterial and genotoxic activity of acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa (Аch.) Frey, Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise, Hypogimnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. and Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. were examined. Study on the content of the certain elements in these lichens was also carried out. Activity concentration of 40K, 137Cs, 226Ra and 232Th was determined only for lichen E. prunastri. Anticholinesterase activity of acetone extracts and isolated gyrophoric acid was also examined. The most abundant component of acetone extracts of lichen U. crustulosa and U. cylindrica was girophoric acid. The main components of acetone, ether and ethyl acetate extracts of H. tubulosa were physodic acid and the 3-hydroxyphysodic acid. The most abundant component of acetone extract of E. prunastri was evernic acid. The composition of dichloromethane extracts of all investigated lichens was different from the other extracts, atranorine was dominant component fallowed with small quantities of depsides and depsidons. Orcinol, atraric acid and orsellinic acid were the major volatile compounds in U. crustulosa, U. cylindrica and E. prunastri extracts, while olivetol, 3-hydroxyolivetonide and olivetonide were the main volatiles in H. tubulose extracts. Umbilicaria cylindrica has the highest content of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, V, Ba, Cd and Pb while the content of B, Si and Zn is the largest in U. crustulosa sample. The activity of 40K was 108 Bq kg-1 while the activities of 137Cs, 226Ra and 232Th were below minimal detectable activities. The results of antioxidant activity indicated a higher antioxidant capacity of depsidone compared to the depside. Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to the tested extracts. Extracts of U. cylindrica, E. prunastri and H. tubulosa had inhibition effect towards Gram-positive bacteria. The highest decreasing in the micronucleus frequency were indicated by extracts at concentration of 2 mg mL-1. Extracts of H. tubulosa, E. prunastri and gyrophoric acid at concentration of 10 mg mL-1 showed an inhibitory effect on cholinesterase activity.