Razvoj regionalnog sistema upravljanja farmaceutskim otpadom
Author
Hristov, Slađan D.Mentor
Ristić, GoranCommittee members
Živković, NenadRadosavljević, Jasmina
Stojanović, Marina
Nikolić, Vesna
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Show full item recordAbstract
Pharmaceutical waste, and especially components considered to be
hazardous waste, (and which due to their characteristics such as infectivity,
inflammation, ecotoxicity, radioactivity etc.) can be extremely harmful to
human health and the quality of the environment, in cases it is inadequately
treated. The most significant quantities of medical waste are generated by
hospitals that in a large number of cases this generated waste consider to be
infectious, which is not the case with pharmaceutical waste where
households appear as dominant sources. Then follow other institutions
which have the same or related activities, such as health centers, dental
offices, veterinary stations, research laboratories, etc. And it is just because
of inadequate waste prevention and the final disposal of this kind of waste,
developed countries started to regulate this issue a long time ago, so during
1980s of the 20th century, US EPA developed detailed protocols on
monitoring the movement of ...pharmaceutical waste and in that way formed
good bases for further taking adequate measures in this area. The presence
of the permanent generating risks and dangers in the management of
pharmaceutical waste confirms the view that it is a complicated and
complex issue that needs to be studied more.
The past decades have been marked by a constant increase in the amount of
generated pharmaceutical waste in almost all societies and on different
continents, as well as insufficient knowledge of its characteristics and
negative consequences for human health and the environment. In addition,
the low level of development of different options for its treatment, led to the
conclusion that the disposal of pharmaceutical waste in landfills is the
simplest but also the most economically advantageous solution. In this
doctoral thesis, it can be seen that the consequences of this approach and
practice are felt today, because we have hundreds of thousands of
contaminated landfill sites with contaminated soil, groundwater and surface
water around the world, which require urgent remediation measures in the
hope that it will raise their quality to a desired level.
In the life cycle of pharmaceutical waste, there is its production as the first
phase, ie., generation, which includes many of man's productive activities,
the development of modern technologies and the application of new
materials, and thus the later use of the finished products. Pharmaceutical
waste generators are numerous, and for that reason, at this stage of waste
management their identification must be carried out, locating and
monitoring as well, with the registration of data on generated quantities at
regular intervals. Pharmaceutical waste can come from industry or
households, respectively, can be generated by the manufacturers of many
products for everyday use, specialized manufacturers, hospitals,
universities, government agencies, the commercial sector and individuals,
ie., households.
The aim of the research is based on the development of a regional model of
pharmaceutical waste management, while respecting the existing positive
experience in the development model of medical waste management, with
special consideration of all relevant aspects of environmental quality.
Taking into account the complexity of research in this doctoral thesis a
systematic approach was used in the study. System analysis of regional
model of pharmaceutical waste management, harmonized with the quality
of the environment is realized through: the collection of data on categories
of pharmaceutical waste and analysis of the current situation, ie.
characteristics of existing techniques and technologies of pharmaceutical
waste management and environmental quality; analysis of existing models
of pharmaceutical waste management; defining a regional model of
pharmaceutical waste management, identifying opportunities and conditions
for the practical application of the regional model of pharmaceutical waste
management and definition of practical guidelines for proposed regional
model of pharmaceutical waste management.
The defined method of the research is based on the study of existing models
of pharmaceutical waste management, organizational procedures and
organizational resources and analysis of the data collected. The
development of this doctoral work included the analysis of available
literature that deals with this issue, as well as indirectly analyzing the
performance of organizations that can occur as direct implementers of
sustainable management of pharmaceutical waste management and
environmental protection.