Socijalna dimenzija kvaliteta života obolelih od hronične opstruktivne bolesti pluća
Social dimension of the quality of life of patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
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SAŽETAK:
Uvod: Prema Globalnoj inicijativi za hroničnu opstruktivnu bolest pluća
(GOLD), definicija za HOBP glasi: „Hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća je
bolest koja se karakteriše stalnim ograničenjem protoka vazduha u disajnim
putevima koje nije potpuno reverzibilno na terapiju. Ograničenje protoka je
obično progresivno i udruženo sa pojačanim inflamatornim odgovorom pluća na
inhalirane čestice i gas“. Procena stepena opstrukcije se vrši na osnovu
forsiranog ekspiratornog volumena u prvoj sekundi (FEV1). Ovo je jedan od
najvažnijih pokazatelja težine bolesti, a stepen opadanja FEV1 u funkciji
vremena je pokazatelj brzine progresije oboljenja. Iz ovog razloga FEV1 je važan
prognostički faktor u HOBP. Učestalost HOBP je, pre svega, rezultat
kumulativnih izloženosti različitim faktorima rizika tokom više decenija, te
se smatra da je prevalencija HOBP često u direktnoj vezi sa zagađenjem vazduha i
učestalošću pušenja. Pošto se kvalitet života u globalnom smislu izražava kao
...
sposobnost za obavljanje životnih i radnih funkcija, a meri se stepenom te
sposobnosti u oblasti fizičkog, psihičkog stanja, somatskih senzacija, socijalne
interakcije i lične percepcije zdravlja, jasno je da su svi ovi faktori uzeti u
obzir prilikom procene kvaliteta života obolelih od HOBP. Ovo istraživanje
doprinelo je da se identifikuju socijalne karakteristike, faktori životne i
radne okoline koji u najvećoj meri utiču na kvalitet života obolelih od HOBP.
Metodologija: Studijom je obuhvaćeno 288 pacijenata koji imaju dijagnostikovanu
Hroničnu opstruktivnu bolest pluća, na osnovu kriterijuma Globalne inicijative
za HOBP (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-GOLD), J44 - prema
MKB 10. Procena težine bolesti obolelih je bazirana na osnovu simptoma, težine
poremećaja spirometrijskog nalaza, rizika od egzacerbacija i postojanju
komorbiditeta. Za ispitivanje kvaliteta života u ovoj studiji su korišćeni
sledeći instrumenti: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Medical
Outcomes Study SF-36 i EuroQol (EQ-5D).
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung
Disease (GOLD), it is characterized by a constant limitation of airflow in airways that is
not completely reversible to therapy. The limitation of the flow is usually progressive and
associated with increased inflammatory response to the inhaled particles and gas”.
Obstruction degree assessment is based on the forced expiratory volume in the first second
(FEV1). This is one of the most important indicators of the disease's severity, and the
FEV1 decline degree in the function of time is an indicator of the disease’s progression
rate. For this reason FEV1 is an important prognostic factor in COLD. The frequency of
COLD is, first of all, the result of cumulative exposure to various risk factors over several
decades, and the prevalence of COLD is often found to be directly related to air pollution
and frequency of smoking.
Since the quality of life in the global sense is expressed as the ab...ility to perform
life and work functions and is measured by the degree of that ability in terms of physical
and psychological status, somatic sensation, social interaction and personal perception of
health, it is clear that all these factors are taken into account when assessing the COLD
patients’ quality of life. This research has contributed to identifying social characteristics
and the factors of living and working environment that mostly affect the COLD patients’
quality of life.
Methodology: The study covered 288 patients diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive
Lung Disease based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
(GOLD) criteria, J44- to ICD 10. The assessment of the severity of the illness of the
diseased is based on symptoms, the severity of spirometric findings, the risk of
exacerbations and the existence of comorbidity. The following instruments were used to
test the quality of life in this study: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ),
Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 and EuroQol (EQ-5D)