Biogeografska i ekološka studija flore briofita Srbije

Abstract

Briološka istraživanja u Srbiji su istorijski nedovoljno zastupljena. Čak 25.559 literaturnih i herbarskih podataka o briofitama zabeleženim u Srbiji, od početka istraživanja briofita u Srbiji pa do danas, sakupljeno je u novoformiranu Bryo bazu. Prikupljeni podaci poslužili su za obimne komparativne biogeografske i ekološke analize. Brioflora Srbije broji 820 taksona (1 rožnjača, 143 jetrenjače i 686 mahovina). Od toga, 17 taksona je isključeno sa liste vrsta Srbije, a još 7 su označeni kao sumnjivi taksoni čije prisustvo u Srbiji je malo verovatno ili nepotvrđeno. Za svaki takson izrađene su mape rasprostranjenja u Srbiji. Analizom podataka utvrđeno je da je skoro polovina taksona briofita u Srbiji zabeleženo na manje od 5 lokaliteta, a čak 18% ima samo lokalno potvrđeno rasprostranjenje. Najbogatiji vrstama su regioni Istočne, Zapadne i Centralne Srbije, a najsiromašniji su Bački i Pomoravski region. Analizom distribucije po administrativnim okruzima i UTM 10x10 kvadratima jasno je da prostor Srbije nije ujednačeno istraživan, a kao prioritet za dalja briološka istraživanja izdvojeno je 6 regiona i 8 okruga. Analiza spektara areal tipova pokazuje veliku sličnost sa biogeografskim spektrom briofita na Balkanskom poluostvu. Detaljnijom biogeografskom analizom uočavaju se posebnosti brioflore različitih delova Srbije. Razmatrani ekološki faktori dodatno ističu specifičnosti pojedinih oblasti Srbije, pojašnjavaju prisustvo određenog taksona, ali i omogućavaju predikciju briotaksona na neistraženim područjima Srbije. Listaste jetrenjače preferiraju donekle umerenija staništa u odnosu na grupu talusnih jetrenjača koje su češće u manje gostoljubivim uslovima. U poređenju sa mahovinama, jetrenjače preferiraju (mikro)staništa sa manjom prosečnom godišnjom temperaturom.

Bryological exploration in Serbia has been historically neglected. All together 25.559 literature and herbarium data on bryophytes recorded in Serbia, from the beginning of the exploration up to date, were collected in the newly formed Bryo database. Data collection was used for extensive comparative biogeographical and ecological analyses. The bryoflora of Serbia numbers 820 taxa (1 hornwort, 143 liverworts and 686 mosses). Out of this, 17 taxa were excluded from the checklist of Serbia, and another 7 were determined as doubtful taxa whose presence in Serbia is unlikely or unverified. For each taxa, the distribution maps in Serbia were made. Data analyses showed that almost half of the Serbian taxa were recorded in less than 5 localities, and 18% have only local occurrence. Eastern, Western and Central Serbia are the regions richest in bryophyte species, while the poorest are regions of Bačka and Pomoravlje. Distribution analyses by counties and UTM 10x10 km squares showed that the territory of Serbia is unequally bryologically investigated. Hence, 6 regions and 8 counties due to any or very few bryophyte records should be high priority for further bryological research. The analyses of the areal type spectra showed a great similarity to the biogeographical spectrum of the Balkan bryophyte flora. A more detailed biogeographical analysis revealed the specific features of the bryoflora in various parts of Serbia. The studied ecological factors additionally emphasize the peculiarities of certain areas of Serbia, also in terms of species composition. These allow prediction of bryotaxa in unexplored areas as well. Leafy liverworts prefer somewhat milder habitats compared to a group of talus liverwort species, which are more often found in harsh conditions. Compared to sister moss group, liverworts prefer (micro)habitats with the lower average annual temperatures.