Efekti korišćenja sojine melase u obrocima za krave u laktaciji

Abstract

Sojina melasa je hranivo koje se dobija kao sporedni proizvod pri proizvodnji sojinog proteinskog koncentrata. U ograničenom broju ranijih istraživanja utvrđeno je da korišćenje melase soje u obrocima za ishranu junadi u tovu, ima pozitivan efekat na proizvodne performanse životinja. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje mogućnosti upotrebe sojine melase u kompletno mešanim obrocima za ishranu krava u laktaciji. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja efekata korišćenja sojine melase u ishrani krava u laktaciji na proizvodne rezultate, važnije pokazatelje metaboličkog profila i parametre ruminalne sredine. U jednofaktorijalnom ogledu sa dva tretmana, ispitivan je efekat korišćenja melase soje, na proizvodne i fiziološke parametre krava u laktaciji. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 52 krave u laktaciji, od čega je 40 krava bilo crno-bele rase sa dominantnim učešćem holštajn gena i 12 krava simentalske rase. Za potrebe ispitivanja krave su bile podeljene u dve grupe - kontrolnu i oglednu. Na početku ogleda, grupe su bile ujednačene po stadijumu laktacije i laktaciji po redu, po količini proizvedenog mleka i telesnoj kondiciji. Istraživanje je trajalo 70 dana. U sastav kompletno mešanog obroka (TMR, Total Mixed Ration) za ishranu krava u oglednoj grupi, uključena je sojina melasa u količini od 1 kg/dan (na račun smanjene količine silaže vlažnog zrna kukuruza), dok obrok koji su konzumirale krave iz kontrolne grupe nije sadržao melasu soje. Osnovu kabastog dela obroka činili su silaža cele biljke kukuruza i seno lucerke. Kompletno mešani obroci za ishranu krava u oglednoj i kontrolnoj grupi su bili izoenergetski i izoproteinski. Uzorci kompletno mešanog obroka su uzimani dva puta nedeljno, za potrebe hemijske analize. Tokom eksperimentalnog perioda, proizvedena količina mleka je registrovana svakodnevno, a sprovedene su i četiri kontrole mlečnosti, u cilju utvrđivanja hemijskog sastava mleka. Uzorci krvi za biohemijska ispitivanja su uzeti od svakog grla, punkcijom repne vene (v. coccigea), na početku i na kraju eksperimentalnog perioda. Za determinisanje parametara ruminalne sredine, tečni sadržaj rumena je uzet od 15 krava, iz svake grupe, korišćenjem buražne sonde, na kraju ogleda...

Soybean molasses is feed that is being obtained as a by-product of a production of soybean protein concentrate. In a certain number of previous studies the use of soybean molasses in rations for the nutrition of beef steers was proved to have a positive effect on animal production performance. A main goal of this research is to study the possibility of using the soybean molasses in total mixed rations (TMR) for the nutrition of lactating dairy cows. The study presents results of the research the effects of using soybean molasses in the nutrition of lactating dairy cows on their production results, on important indicators of metabolic profile and parameters of ruminal content. The trial was set as one-factorial experimental arrangement, where was determined the effect of using the soybean molasses in ration, on the production and physiological parameters of lactating cows. The research included 52 lactating cows, 40 Holstein and 12 Simmental cows. For the purpose of the investigation, the cows were divided into two groups – control group and experimental one. The groups were equalized regarding the stage of lactation and lactation in order, quantity of produced milk and body condition score (BSC). The research lasted 70 for days. The TMR used for the nutrition of cows in experimental group, was supplemented with soybean molasses in the quantity of 1 kg/day (with the reduced quantity of high-moisture corn grain silage), while the ration consumed by the cows in control group contained no soybean molasses. The main forage feeds in TMRs were whole maize silage and alfalfa hay. The total mixed rations used for cows in experimental and control group, were approximately equal for energy and protein content. For the chemical analysis, the TMR samples were collected twice weekly during trial period. During the experimental period the milk yield was recorded daily, and also four sampling for milk composition analysis were conducted. Blood samples for biochemical analysis were taken from each animal by puncturing the caudal vein (v. coccigea), at the beginning and at the end of the experimental period. For the purpose of determining the parameters of ruminal content a samples was taken using the ruminal tube-like probe from 15 cows in each group, at the end of the trial...