Specifičan program treninga za poboljšanje startnog skoka u plivanju

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of a specific nine-week exercise program on the parameters of the swimming start, and to determine the influence of muscle potential under dynamic and static conditions on the parameters of the swimming start. The overall sample included 46 male participants aged 20,1 ± 2,9 who were divided into two groups. The experimental group (E, n = 26) was made up of participants who were competitors in the swimming clubs Sveti Nikola and Niš 2005 from Niš, who in addition to the habitual swimming training, also took part in specially designed training sessions on dry land. The control group (K, n = 20) consisted of swimmers from the territory of central Serbia who only participated in the habitual swimming training sessions and did not take part in any of the exercises on dry land. The participants were tested at the beginning of the experimental program by means of tests for the evaluation of muscle potential under dynamic conditions, muscle potential under static conditions and the swimming start up to 10 m. To evaluate muscle potential under dynamic conditions we used the vertical jump with load (HS_Fmax, HS_Pmax, HS_Pavg) and the vertical jump with no swing (SJ_Fmax, SJ_Pmax, SJ_Pavg). To evaluate muscle potential under static conditions we used standing leg extensions (EK_Fmax, EK_FmaxREL, EK_RFD_50%, EK_RFD_50%REL) and standing back extensions (EL_Fmax, EL_FmaxREL, EL_RFD_50%, EL_RFD_50%REL). To evaluate the parameters of the swimming track start we used the swimming start to 10 m (time on the starting block, flight time, start time to 10 m). The experimental program lasted for nine weeks, with three training sessions each week. Each session lasted from 45 to 60 min. The research results have indicated that following the experimental program, group E achieved a statistically significant improvement compared to group K in one of the parameters of the swimming start (start time to 10 m), while for the remaining two parameters no significant differences were determined between E and K (time on the starting block and flight time). In addituon, the research results indicate the significant influence of muscle potential under dynamic conditions on the parameters of the swimming start and muscle potential under static conditions on the parameters of the swimming start. Based on these results we can conclude that the special training program had a positive effect on the improvement in the swimming start, and we can also conclude that there is a statistically significant influence of muscle potential under static and dynamic conditions on the parameters of the swimming start.