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Influence of osmotic and convective drying on thephysical properties of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

dc.contributor.advisorBabić, Mirko
dc.contributor.advisorPavkov, Ivan
dc.contributor.otherBajkin, Anđelko
dc.contributor.otherDimitrijević, Aleksandra
dc.contributor.otherBikic, Sinisa
dc.creatorRadojčin, Milivoj
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-02T15:46:04Z
dc.date.available2017-11-02T15:46:04Z
dc.date.available2020-07-03T13:32:39Z
dc.date.issued2015-05-19
dc.identifier.urihttps://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/8801
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dc.description.abstractVažnost istraživanja fizičkih osobina ogleda se u tome, što su neke od tih osobina prvo što se uočava na sušenom voću. Druge fizičke osobine spoznaju se tokom konzumiranja. Osim toga, fizičke osobine su i od značaja prilikom projektovanja opreme za preradu poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije su promene fizičkih osobina dunje tokom osmotskog i konvektivnog sušenja. Istraživane su promene sledećih osobina: vlažnosti, zapremine, mehaničkih osobina i boje. Kao dodatak osnovnim merenjima obavljene su hemijska i senzorska analiza finalnog proizvoda. Eksperiment osmotskog sušenja obavljen je kao dvofaktorni. Faktori eksperimenta su temperatura i koncentracija osmotskog rastvora. U eksperimentu je korišćena dunja sorte leskovačka. Ovu sortu odlikuje prijatna aroma, oblik i dimenzije pogodne za sušenje. Disperzionom analizom rezultata merenja fizičkih osobina tokom eksperimenta osmotskog sušenja potvrđeno je da izabrani nivoi temperature i koncentracije osmotskog rastvora utiču na promenu vlažnosti dunje tokom 180 minuta osmotskog sušenja. U slučaju povećanja mase suve materije disperzionom analizom potvrđen je statistički značajan uticaj koncentracije i interakcije koncentracije i temperature na promenu ispitivane veličine. Najintenzivnije promene vlažnosti i povećanja suve materije izmerene su u prvih 20 minuta osmotskog sušenja. Promena oblika dunje u formi kocke, do kojih dolazi tokom osmotskog sušenja je anizotropna. Razlog anizotropnog skupljanja tkiva može biti orijentacija vlakana i nehomogena struktura materijala. Promena zapremine izražena je zapreminskim skupljanjem SV. Izvedena je jednačina kojom je utvrđena zavisnost promene zapremine od količine razmenjene materije tokom osmotskog sušenja. Najveća promena zapremine izmerena je pri osmotskom sušenju pri najvišim vrednostima temperature i koncentracije osmotskog rastvora. Mehaničke osobine dunje tokom osmotskog sušenja predstavljene su sa dva pokazatelja, otpornošću na razaranje i modulom elastičnosti. Otpornost na razaranje je u ovoj tezi originalno predstavljena parametrom f. Ovaj parameter predstvalja relativnu promenu sile razaranja tokom osmotskog sušenja. Disperzionom analizom utvrđen je uticaj temperature osmotskog rastvora na mehaničke osobine dunje. Osmotski rastvor temeperature 60oC izaziva omekšavanje tkiva dunje. Međutim, omekšavanje tkiva dunje pozitivno utiče na čvrstoću krajnjeg proizvoda. Kao drugi pokazatelj mehaničkih osobina upotrebljen je modul elastičnosti. Promene modula elastičnosti slične su promenama f parametra. Na osnovu promena oba pokazatelja mogu se doneti isti zaključci o uticaju faktora eksperimenta na mehaničke osobine tkiva dunje. Tkivo dunje je izloženo vazduhu tokom konvektivnog sušenja intenzivno menja boju. U eksperimentu je upotrebljen sumpordioksid kao zaštita od tamnjenja tkiva. Ukupna promena boje najveća je na uzorcima dunje koji su sušeni rastvorom koncentracije 65oBx. Međutim, tokom konvektivnog sušenja ističe se pozitivan uticaj ovog tretmana na promenu boje dunje. Veća količina saharoze koja se zadržava na površini uzoraka dunje predstavlja barijeru između između materijala i vazduha i spračava tamnjenje tkiva. Regresionom analizom rezultata merenja promene vlažnosti, zapremine i boje pronađeni su empirijski modeli koji opisuju merene veličine tokom osmotskog sušenja. Jednačine odabrane za modelovanje promene vlažnosti proširene su uticajnim faktorima u bezdimenzionalnom obliku. Proširenjem matematičkih modela stiče se njihova univerzalnost u opsegu istraživanih vrednosti temperature i koncentracije osmotskog rastvora. Primenjeni modeli mogu se uspešno koristiti za predviđanje svih merenih veličina. Uspešnost modela potvrđena je visokim vrednostima koeficijenta korelacije i niskim vrednostima srednje procentualne greške. Senzorskim analizama obavljenim panelnim ispitivanjem, uzorci tretirani osmotskim rastvorom ocenjeni su kao kvalitetniji od onih koji su samo konvektivno osušeni. Poređenjem rezultata kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih analiza može se zaključiti da osmotsko sušenje kao predtretman konvektivnom sušenju pozitivno utiče na kvalitet sušene dunje kao finalnog proizvoda.  sr
dc.description.abstractThe importance of researching physical properties lies in the fact that some of these properties are what we first notice about dried fruit. Other physical properties are experienced during consumption. Moreover, physical properties are also important when designing equipment for processing agricultural products. The subject of the research in this doctoral dissertation is changes in physical properties of quince during osmotic and convective drying. The investigation included changes in the following properties: moisture, volume, mechanical properties and colour. Apart from the basic measurements, the research also included chemical and sensory analyses of the final product. The experiment of osmotic drying was performed as a two-factor experiment, while factors were the temperature and the concentration of osmotic solution. The variety of quince used in the experiment was “Leksovačka”, which is a variety with a pleasant aroma, and the shape and dimensions suitable for drying. Dispersion analysis of the measured results in the experiment of osmotic drying showed that the temperature and concentration of osmotic solution affect the changes in moisture of quince during 180 minutes of osmotic drying. In the case of the increased mass of dry matter, analysis of variance pointed to statistically significant effect of concentration and interaction of concentration and temperature on the change in the examined size. The most intense changes in moisture and increase of dry matter were measured in the first 20 minutes of osmotic drying. The change of the shape of quince into the shape of a cube, which occurs during osmotic drying, is anisotropic. The reason of anisotropic shrinkage of tissue can be fibre orientation and inhomogeneous structure of the material. The volume change is expressed in volumetric shrinkage SV. The equation derived was used to determine the dependence of the change in volume on the amount of the matter exchanged during osmotic drying. The greatest change in volume was measured during osmotic drying at the highest values of temperature and the highest values of concentration of osmotic solution. Mechanical properties of quince during osmotic drying were represented by two indicators: resistance to rupture and modulus of elasticity. Resistance to rupture in this thesis was originally presented by the parameter f. This parameter represents a relative difference of force of rupture. Dispersion analysis determined the effect of the temperature of osmotic solution on mechanical properties of quince. The solution temperature of 60oC causes softening of the quince tissue. However, softening of the tissue has positive effects on firmness of the final product. The other indicator of mechanical properties was modulus of elasticity. The changes in the modulus of elasticity are similar to the changes of the parameter f. The changes in both indicators lead to the same conclusions about the impact of the factors of the experiment on the mechanical properties of quince tissue. Quince tissue exposed to air changes its colour intensely. In this experiment, sulphur dioxide is used as protection against darkening of the tissue. The total colour change was the greatest in the quince samples dried using a solution with the concentration of 65oBx. However, during convective drying one can see the positive impact of this treatment on the colour change in quince. A larger amount of saccharose which is retained on the surface of the samples acts as a barrier between the material and the air, preventing darkening of the tissue. Regression analysis of the measured results of the changes in moisture, volume and colour, generated empirical models that describe the measured values during osmotic drying. The equations selected for modelling of moisture changes were extended to include influential factors in dimensionless form. What is achieved by extending the mathematical models is universality of the models in the range of the investigated values of temperature and concentration of osmotic solution. The used models can be successfully applied for prediction of all of the measured values. The successfulness of the model is confirmed by high values of the correlation coefficient and low values of the mean percentage error. Sensory analyses performed using panel testing showed that the samples treated with osmotic solution were evaluated to be of higher quality than the samples that were only convectively dried. By comparing the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses, it can be concluded that osmotic drying, as a pre-treatment to convective drying, positively affects the quality of dried quince as a final product.en
dc.languagesr (latin script)
dc.publisherУниверзитет у Новом Саду, Пољопривредни факултетsr
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceУниверзитет у Новом Садуsr
dc.subjectDunjasr
dc.subjectQuinceen
dc.subjectosmotsko sušenjesr
dc.subjectkonvektivno sušenjesr
dc.subjectfizičke osobinesr
dc.subjectosmotic dryingen
dc.subjectconvective dryingen
dc.subjectphysicalpropertiesen
dc.titleUticaj osmotskog i konvektivnog sušenja na fizičkeosobine dunje (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)sr
dc.title.alternativeInfluence of osmotic and convective drying on thephysical properties of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)en
dc.typedoctoralThesisen
dc.rights.licenseBY
dcterms.abstractБабић, Мирко; Павков, Иван; Бајкин, Aнђелко; Димитријевић, Aлександра; Бикиц, Синиса; Радојчин, Миливој;
dc.identifier.fulltexthttps://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/bitstream/id/35909/Disertacija14939.pdf
dc.identifier.fulltexthttp://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/bitstream/id/35909/Disertacija14939.pdf
dc.identifier.rcubhttps://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_8801


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