Identifikacija spoljnih pritisaka i uticaja na kvalitet podzemne vode izvorišta opštine Laktaši

Abstract

Cilj rada je ispitivanje kvaliteta podzemnih voda tri izvorišta na teritoriji opštine Laktaši u naseljima Kriškovci, Maglajani i Laktaši, kao i uticaja prirodnih uslova i antropogenih dešavanja u okolini izvorišta na kvalitet ispitivanih podzemnih voda. Detaljno dizajnirana laboratorijska istraživanja i planiran eksperimentalni deo ove disertacije predstavlja polaznu osnovu u rešavaju kompleksne problematike iz oblasti upravljanja kvalitetom voda za piće istražnog područja. Poseban doprinos nauci u oblasti zaštite voda predstavlja integrisan pristup u analizi selektovanih organskih, neorganskih i fizičko-hemijskih parametara podzemnih voda i definisanje osnovnih i specifičnih zavisnih varijabli hemometrijskom analizom podataka kao i kreiranje eksperimentalnih i laboratorijskih uslova za demanganizaciju vode kritičnih izvorišta. Ovaj sveobuhvatni pristup u skeniranju opštih i specifičnih varijabli i definisanje veza između elemenata, grupisanje na osnovu njihovih sličnosti ili razlika u specijalne klase prema karakterističnim fizičko-hemijskim svojstvima i sposobnosti ka kompleksiranju, ukazuje na način pojavljivanja promenljivih, njihovo poreklo u vodi i definiše uzroke njihove varijabilnosti (antropogeni - tačkasti ili difuzni, ili nativni, dominantno geološki). Svi analizirani in situ parametri zadovoljavaju kriterijum propisan važećim Pravilnikom o higijenskoj ispravnosti vode za piće (2003). Od 1632 merenja u laboratoriji (72 parametara), 26 merenja (1,59%) nisu zadovoljavala kriterijume propisane ovim Pravilnikom (15 merenja u vodi sa izvorišta Kriškovci (57,6%), 7 sa izvorišta Maglajani (26,9%) i 4 sa izvorišta Laktaši (15,4%)). Parametri koji odstupaju od kriterijuma datih Pravilnikom (2003) su mutnoća, nitriti, mangan, ulja i masti. Sa mikrobiološkog aspekta voda izvorišta u Laktašima je zdravstveno ispravna, dok je voda izvorišta u Kriškovcima u najlošijem stanju, na izvorištu u Maglajanima nisu detektovane bakterije indikatori fekalnog zagađenja, dok je voda reke Vrbas jako lošeg kvaliteta. U okviru ove doktorske disertacije ostvaren je značajan doprinos u otkrivanju i razumevanju međusobnih odnosa pojedinih elemenata i parametara u složenom sistemu kakav je voda posebno imajući u vidu analizu organskog i neorganskog kompleksiranja, što predstavlja značajan doprinos u ovom polju imajući u vidu ograničen broj literaturnih referenci. Iz rada se može doneti zaključak da se rezultatiispitivanih parametara na izvorištima menjaju u toku godine, da je potrebno izvršiti dodatna geološka ispitivanja da bi se sa sigurnošću utvrdila veza između vode reke Vrbas i vode izvorišta, da na izvorište u Kriškovcima ima uticaj biološko pođubravanje zemljišta i otpadne vode okolnog naselja, dok za druga dva izvorišta nije dokazana sumnja da dešavanja na površini iznad izvorišta utiču na samo izvorište i da padavine nemaju značajan uticaj na iste. Data ispitivanja su bazirana na osnovnim zahtevima okvirne direktive o vodamna (EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)) na prvom mestu izboru prioritetnih i ostalih supstanci od interesa u cilju praćenja i definisanja indikatora pritisaka i uticaja na vodna tela. Dobijeni podaci će poslužiti za razvoj strategija i planova kontrole i sprečavanja zagađenja, definisanje programa za praćenje kvaliteta podzemnih voda i vode za piće, upravljanja rečnim slivom, dostupnost informacijama u cilju poboljšanja kvaliteta vode za piće.

The aim of this paper is to examine the quality of groundwater of three springs on the territory of the municipality of Laktaši in the Kriškovci, Maglajani and Laktaši settlements, as well as the influence of natural conditions and anthropogenic activities in the spring areas on the quality of examined groundwater. Detailed designed laboratory research and the planned experimental part of this dissertation represent the starting point for solving of complex problems in the field of quality management of drinking water in the investigated area. The special contribution to water protection science is an integrated approach to the analysis of selected organic, inorganic and physicochemical parameters of groundwater, as well as the definition of basic and specific dependent variables, by chemometric data analysis, and the creation of experimental and laboratory conditions for the demanganization of water from critical sources. This is a comprehensive approach to scanning general and specific variables and defining links between elements – grouping them on the basis of their similarities or differences in special classes according to the characteristic physicochemical properties and their ability to complex, which indicates the way of change, its origin in water and defines the causes of their variability (anthropogenic -pointic or diffuse, or native, predominantly geological). All analyzed in situ parameters meet the criterion prescribed by the relevant Regulation on Hygienic Quality of Drinking Water (2003). Out of the 1632 measurements in the laboratory, only 72 parameters and 26 measurements (1.59%) did not meet the criteria prescribed by this Regulation: 15 water measurements from sources Kriškovci (57.6%), 7 from Maglajani sources (26.9%) and 4 from the sources of Laktaši (15.4%). Parameters that deviated from the criteria given in the Regulation (2003) were turbidity, nitrite, manganese, oil and fat. From the microbiological aspect, water source in Laktaši is health safety, while the source of water in Kriškovci is in the worst condition. In water from sources in Maglajani did not detect bacterial indicators of fecal pollution, while the water of the river Vrbas is of very poor quality. Within this doctoral dissertation, a significant contribution was made in the discovery and understanding of the mutual relations of certain elements and parameters in a complex system such as water, especially in the view of the analysis of organic and inorganic complexation. Keeping in mind the limited number of literary references, these results represent a significant contribution in this field. It can be concluded from the dissertation that the findings of the tested parameters at the sources change during the year. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out additional geological investigations in order to establish with certainty that there is a connection between the water of the river Vrbas and the water sources. From the dissertation can be concluded that the biological fertilization of the soil and the waste water of the surrounding settlement has an impact on the spring in Kriškovci. For the sources of other two settlements there no has proven that surface activities above the sources affect the source itself and that precipitation does not have a significant impact on them. Conducted tests was based on the basic requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and in the first place on the selection of priority and other substances of interest for the purpose of monitoring and defining pressure indicators and impacts on water bodies. The obtained data will: (1) serve to develop strategies and plans for pollution control and prevention, (2) define programs for monitoring the quality of groundwater and drinking water, (3) enable improved river basin management, and (4) provide availability of information for improving the quality of drinking water.