Hemijski sastav, antioksidativna, antimikrobna i antiholinesterazna aktivnost biljnih vrsta Seseli rigidum i Seseli pallasii

Abstract

Тhe chemical composition of essential oils, extracts of different polarity, and mineral composition of plants Seseli rigidum and Seseli pallasii were analysed. For rapid analysis of volatiles of S. rigidum above ground parts, and S. pallasii fruits and roots volatiles, HS/GCMS technique may be used, while in all other cases is necessary to isolate essential oils and apply GC-MS technique. According to principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) a groupings of the samples were done, based on the similarity of the chemical composition of certain plant parts (leaf, flower, fruit and roots). The variables based on the dominant components were grouped using PCA and HCA analysis. Biological activities and characteristics of essential oils, extracts of different polarity of vegetative parts of both plants were investigated. Antioxidant properties were tested using ABTS, DPPH, total reducing power methods, total flavonoids and total phenols content. According to the ABTS and DPPH methods, the best properties were manifested by hexane extracts of both tested plant species, and flower acetone extract of S. rigidum, respectively, while the highest total reducing capacity had the methanol extracts of S. rigidum. The highest total phenols and flavonoids were registered for hexane extracts of root and leaf of S. pallasii. Both applied methods of statistical analyses (PCA and HCA) in which the results of antioxidant activities were used as variables, clearly distinguished DPPH method from other methods, and tested samples were separated by type (oils and extracts), and according to the type of solvent used in the preparation of extracts. Determination of antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts versus different strains of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, using the microdilution method, showed that the root essential oil of S. rigidum had the most pronounced effect. In terms of inhibition of enzyme cholinesterase, estimated using Elman’s method, the highest degree of inhibition was recorded for the root methanol extract of S. pallasii. Overall, the best characteristics among tested activities, showed secondary metabolites of S. rigidum root, and therefore identification of main components of the extract using liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry was performed. Reliably was established presence of thirty compounds, most of which with coumarin structure. In each of the vegetative parts of both plants content of macro-, microelements and heavy metals were determined and found that their content does not exceed the permissible values. Results obtained using two methods of multivariate statistics are in accordance and grouped certain plants’ parts based on the highest content of micro, macroelements or heavy metals.