Промене друштвених односа у пољопривреди Војводине и њен развој 1950-1957. године

Abstract

Agrarna politika vlasti u periodu od 1945-1950. godine je shodno ideološkim određenjima, bila usmerena na promenu društvenih odnosa na selu. Međutim, osim ideoloških razloga ne treba zanemariti činjenicu da je usitnjen zemljišni posed već ispoljio mnoge slabosti i da su u uslovima uvećane potražnje za poljoprivrednim proizvodima ti problemi dodatno ubedili vlast u neophodnost koncentracije zemlje i formiranja krupnih, pre svega, zadružnih gazdinstava. U cilju realizacije tog cilja, primenjene su rigidne ekonomske i političke mere, naročito na prostoru Vojvodine među kojima je bilo i brutalnih metoda izrazito oprečnih tradicionalnim vrednostima i etičkom kodeksu očuvanom u seoskim sredinama. Ovakva agrarna politika izazvala je veliko nezadovoljstvo seljaštva i veliki pad poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Razni vidovi opstrukcije velikog dela stanovništva prema državi i strah od gladi u jeku sukoba sa SSSRom, ubedili su partijsko rukovodstvo zemlje u neophodnost promene dotadašnjeg odnosa prema poljoprivredi i seljaštvu. Mada se nije lako odustajalo od politike kolektivizacije, gore navedeni razlozi doveli su do njenog napuštanja već 1950. godine, a zadružni sistem od 1953. godine transformisan je u ekonomski racionalnije organizacije. Ove promene, nisu značile i kraj primene revolucionarnih mera na selu. One su posebno naglašene 1953. godine ograničenjem privatnog poseda na 10 hektara po domaćinstvu. Ipak, agrarna politika KPJ od tada se razvija na principima većeg uvažavanja seljaštva i uspostavljanja ekonomske saradnje sa privatnim posedom. Novu politiku karakteriše dobrovoljnost kooperacije i značajnije ulaganje u prerađivačku industriju i poljoprivredu proizvodnju.

Agrarian policy of the Government in the period from 1945 to 1950, according to ideological determinations, was pointed to the changes of social relations in a village. However, beside ideological reasons, it should not be neglected the fact that fragmented land property had already shown many weaknesses and that in the circumstances of higher requests for agricultural products, those issues persuaded the Government in the necessity of gathering land and forming large collective economies. In order to realize that goal, rigid economic and political measures were taken, especially in the territory of Vojvodina, some of them very brutal, totally opposite to traditional values and ethical codex preserved in rural areas. This agrarian policy caused great discontent among peasantry and huge decline of agricultural production. Different ways of obstruction by people towards the state and the fear of hunger in the middle of the conflict with Soviet Union (USSR), persuaded the Party leader-ship of the State in the necessity of changing the relation towards agriculture and peasantry. Even though it was not easy to give up the policy of collectivization, reasons mentioned above brought to it's abandonment in 1950, and collective economy sys-tem was transformed in 1953 into economically more rational organizations. Those changes did not led to the end of use revolutionary measures in a village. They were even emphasized in 1953 by limiting the private properties to 10 hectares per house-holds. However, agrarian policy since that period was developing on the principles of higher respect of the peasantry and establishing cooperation with private property. New policy was characterized by willingly cooperation and significant investment in manufacturing industry and agrarian production.