Efekti specijalnih vježbi sa opterećenjem na brzinu trčanja i eksplozivnu silu sprintera i njihove relacije sa gustinom koštanog tkiva

Abstract

Basic aim of the research was to estimate the impact of the nine-month long program of special exercises with different level loads (low, middle and high) on the sprinter running speed, lower limbs explosive strength development, and bone tissue density in athletes-sprinters aged 17 to 18, as well as to determine which of the applied load intensity exerts significant influence on the development in all anthropological subsystems and the correlations of the investigated anthropological subsystems. The sample comprised 60 male subjects made up one experimental and one control subsample. The experimental subsample (ES) comprises 45 subjects-athletes divided into three groups each of 15 subjects. First experimental group (EG1) comprising 15 subjects-athletes was subjected to the program of special exercises with low level load (60%1RM), second experimental group (ЕG2) comprising 15 subjects-athletes was subjected to the program of special exercises with middle level load (70%1RM) and the third experimental group (ЕG3) comprising 15 subjects-athletes was subjected to the program of special exercises with high level load (85%1RM). All the above mentioned groups of the experimental subsamples were made up according to the same number and age principle. Control subsample (CS) comprised 15 subjects who were not included into the training process and do not take up any type of sports activities, and are included into the research with the aim to determine the differences in the values of the applied variables, as compared to the subjects of the three groups of the experimental subsample. Upon the initial and final measurements the obtained results were processed by the corresponding statistical-mathematical procedures. Analyzing the obtained results one reveals significantly different results on the final measurement, that is, in the end of the implemented experimental program in the subjects of all three groups of the experimental subsample. Further on, groups differ mutually on the level of the experimental treatment, that is, different load intensities. Research results have answered the posed question to which of the applied load intensities has ”produced’’ the biggest effects in all three groups of the experimental groups, which is 70%1RM in EG2. It was confirmed that the application of different loads in the training process produces different effects on the sprinter running speed, explosive strength and bone tissue density. It can be said that the nine-month program of the special exercises with different level loads has produced significant influence on the sprinter running speed, lower limbs explosive strength, and bone tissue density in athletes-sprinters, aged 17 to 18.