Prisustvo i raširenost virusa životinja i ljudi u površinskim vodama Vojvodine

Abstract

Više od 100 vrsta virusa ljudi i životinja se izlučuje u spoljašnju sredinu. Prisustvo ovih virusa u površinskim vodama reflektuje fekalnu kontaminaciju i ukazuje na opasnost za zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Na području Srbije se ne prati prisustvo patogenih virusa u površinskim vodama, pa čak ni u vodama za piće, a nije uspostavljena ni metodologija ovih ispitivanja. Shodno tome, cilj disertacije je da se utvrdi i analizira prisustvo animalnih i humanih virusa u površinskim vodama primenom najsavremenijih metoda koncentrovanja i detekcije virusa. U okviru disertacije ispitano je prisustvo sledećih virusa u površinskim vodama na teritoriji Vojvodine: humanih adenovirusa (HAdV); norovirusa (NoV) i hepatitis A virusa (HAV), adenovirusa svinja (PAdV), poliomavirusa goveda (BPyV) i hepatitis E virus (HEV). Ispitano je ukupno 108 uzoraka površinskih i otpadnih voda koji su prikupljani od oktobra 2012. godine do juna 2014. godine. U radu su primenjene najsavremenije metode koncentrovanja i detekcije virusa u vodi, koje se u Srbiji nisu koristile za ovu namenu. Sprovedenim ispitivanjima dokazano je da su animalni i humani virusi prisutni u površinskim vodama na području Vojvodine. Najčešće detektovan virus u površinskim vodama je humani adenovirus (42,4%), a potom norovirusi GII i GI (40,4% i 15,2%), adenovirus svinja (11,1%), poliomavirus goveda (7,1%) i hepatitis E virus (3,0%). U ukupno 9 testiranih uzoraka gradske kanalizacione vode najčešće je detektovan HAdV (44,4%), NoV GII i GI (66,7% i 22,2%), BPyV je detektovan u samo jednom od 9 uzoraka, a niti u jednom nisu detektovani PAdV i HEV. Hepatitis A virus nije detektovan u uzorcima, a eksperimentalno je potvrđeno da su metode primenljive i za detekciju ovog virusa. Na osnovu rezultata prinosa procesne kontrole i utvrđenog prisustva virusa u uzorcima, zaključeno je da se ove metode mogu veoma uspešno koristiti za detekciju virusne kontaminacije površinskih voda. Izvršena je igenotipizacija virusa iz odabranih uzoraka metodom sekvenciranja dela virusnog genoma. Indirektno je potvrđeno da su infekcije detektovanim virusima prisutne u populaciji životinja i ljudi. Prisustvo virusa u površinskim vodama i uzorcima gradske kanalizacije odražava infektivni status stanovništva, ali predstavlja i značajan rizik za zdravlje životinja i ljudi na području koje gravitira ispitanim vodama.

Over 100 types of pathogenic viruses are excreted in human and animal wastes. The presence of human and animal pathogenic enteric viruses in water environments reflects fecal contamination and indicates a risk to public health. Republic of Serbia does not implement surveillance for the presence of pathogenic human and animal viruses in surface waters and even in drinking water, neither is the established methodology of these studies in any institution in Serbia. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to determine and analyze the presence of human and animal viruses in surface water, using the latest methods of concentration and detection of the viruses. Within the dissertation examined the presence of the following viruses in surface waters in Vojvodina: Human adenoviruses (HAdV), noroviruses (NoV) and hepatitis A virus), Porcine adenovirus (PAdV) and Bovine polyomavirus (BPyV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV). A total of 108 samples of surface water and waste water were collected from October 2012 to June 2014. The paper are applied the most advanced methods and the concentration of virus detection in water, which in Serbia are not used for this purpose. The conducted tests have proven that the animal and human viruses present in surface waters in Vojvodina. The most commonly detected virus in surface water was human adenovirus (42.4%), followed by Norovirus GI and GII (40.4% and 15.2%), Porcine adenovirus (11,1%), Bovine polyomavirus (7.07%) and hepatitis E virus (3,0%). In total of nine analysed sewage samples human adenovirus was detected in 44,4% of samples. The prevalence of norovirus GII and GI in sewage samples was 66,7% and 22,2%. Bovine polyomavirus was detected in one of nine samples while porcine adenovirus and hepatitis E virus were not detected in any of analyzed samples. Hepatitis A virus was not detected in samples, but it has been experimentally confirmed that the methods applicable for detection of the virus. Based on the results of process control and yield determined the presence of virus insamples, it was found that these methods can be successfully used to detect viral contamination of surface waters. Also, in these study was performed genotyping of viruses from selected samples by sequencing a part of the viral genome. Indirectly it is confirmed that the infection detected viruses present in a population of animals and humans. The presence of virus in samples of surface water and urban sewage reflects the infectious status of the population, but also constitutes a significant risk to the health of animals and people in the area that gravitates with tested waters.