Uspon ultra desnice kao posledica socijalno-ekonomske krize u Grčkoj

Abstract

Nakon svetske finansijsko-kreditne krize 2008. godine, koja je potresla svetsku ekonomiju, Evropa nije uspela da uhvati korak i evrozona je dovedena do dužničke krize. Grčka kriza, koja je usledila, pre svega usled hronične fiskalne krize, a koja je prethodila dužničkoj krizi, izazvala je očekivano reagovanje njenih partnera, koje se nije promenilo čak i kada su se sa problemom ekonomske krize suočile i Irska, Portugalija i Španija. Odluka evropskih vlada je bila jednoglasna: da bi se odbili napadi finansijskih tržista, treba izolovati „inficirani“ deo evrozone, neophodna je primena fiskalne štednje i unutrašnje devalvacije u deficitarnim zemljama, pre svega pomoću smanjenja ličnih dohodaka i penzija. Prema njihovom mišljenju, to bi bilo „idealno rešenje“ da se Grčka „fiskalno oporavi“ i da potom njena privreda stupi na put ekonomskog usklađivanja. Pa ipak, ovaj recept je propao i za to nije potreban drugi dokaz do činjenice da u Evropskoj uniji još uvek postoji dužnička kriza. Početna procena vodeće evropske elite, da su za krizu odgovorne antiproduktivne i neštedljive zemlje evropske periferije, je srušena, pa i pored toga, recept je ostao isti. U Grčkoj, pogođenoj snažno nametanjem štednje i dugogodišnjom recesijom, te ogromnom nezaposlenošću, društvo je sravnjeno, a grčki narod se iscrpljuje svakodnevno, žrtvovan za jednu bezizlaznu politiku neprestanih kreditnih Memoranduma. U tom pesimističkom ambijentu se zapaža fenomen izrazitog jačanja i skoka popularnosti neonacističke partije, Zlatne zore. Treba staviti akcenat i na činjenicu da se ekstremna nacionalistička retorika, bilo da je sistematski ili izolovano izražavana, proširila i reprodukovala, bez da bude okarakterisana kao takva. To je i razlog što suočavanje sa ekstremizmom i nasiljem nije lako, niti je uopšte sigurno da će oni biti iskorenjeni, čak i ukoliko Zlatna zora bude totalno raskrinkana. Uostalom, poslednji izborni rezultati pokazuju da i pored niza otkrića o njenim kriminalnim aktivnostima i neskrivenog neonacističkog karaktera, koja su usledila nakon hapšenja njenih poslanika i članova, te njihovog upućivanja pred lice pravde, izborni procenti Zlatne zore jesu umanjeni, ali zbog manje izborne izlaznosti birača na birališta, što ukazuje da ona nije slomljena

After the global financial crisis in 2008, which shook the world economy, Europe did not manage to get back on track, leading the Euro zone to a debt crisis. The Greek crisis that followed, mainly as a result of the widespread financial crisis preceding the debt crisis, triggered an anticipated reaction from its partners, which did not change course even as Ireland, Portugal and Spain joined the club of countries in trouble. The verdict of European governments was unanimous: in order to hold back attacks by financial markets to isolate the 'infected' areas of the euro, what is required is the implementation of fiscal austerity and internal devaluation in member-states with deficits, chiefly by way of wage and pension cuts. This was, according to their view, the "ideal solution" for "fiscal recovery" so that the Greek economy could then be put on track towards economic adjustment. This formula has however failed miserably, and no further evidence is needed beyond the fact that the debt crisis is still here with us in the EU. The initial assumptions of the ruling European elites, that regional counter-productive and wasteful countries are responsible for the crisis, have tumbled, but the remedy formula has remained the same. In Greece, heavily beaten by austerity measures, the long recession and increasing unemployment, there is social collapse and the Greek people are being impoverishes daily, sacrificed on the altar of dead-end policies of successive Memoranda. In this grim and pessimistic environment, we witness the exceptional growth and rise of the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn party. It needs to be emphasized that either by "word fragments" or more bluntly and systematically, extreme nationalist discourse is widespread and sometimes reproduced without being identified as such. And it is for this reason that tackling extremism and violence, fueled by intense nationalism, is not easy, nor is it certain that it will disappear even if Golden Dawn is utterly crushed. Besides, recent electoral results indicate that despite the barrage of revelations regarding its criminal activities, its blatant neo-Nazi characteristics, the arrests of its MPs and party cadres and consequent trials, their numbers were only slightly reduced, far from collapsed