Usvajanje osnovne tehnike alpskog skijanja kod dece uzrasta 5-8 godina

Abstract

Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku ispitanika (n=100), dece skijaša početnika, uzrasta 5-8 godina, pri čemu je uzorak podeljen na dva subuzorka, decu uzrasta 5-6 i decu 7-8 godina. Cilj je bio da se utvrdi da li postoje razlike prema uspešnosti usvajanja osnovne tehnike skijanja u odnosu na morfološke karakteristike, motoričke sposobnosti, pol, uzrast i učešće u organizovanim sportskim programima ispitanika. Procena uspešnosti izvršena je nakon šestodnevne obuke od strane tročlane ekspertske komisije na osnovu tri elementa tehnike, zaustavljanje u „plugu“, zaokret ka padini i vijuganje. Značajne razlike u uspešnosti usvajanja u odnosu na morfološke varijable kod ispitanika 5-6 godina su dobijene kod varijabli masa tela i obim desne natkolenice, dok su kod ispitanika uzrasta 7-8 uočene samo kod varijable masa tela. Motoričke sposobnosti procenjene su baterijom od 10 testova. Rezultati ukazuju da kod ispitanika 5-6 godina ne postoji značajna razlika u uspešnosti usvajanja u odnosu na motoričke sposobnosti. Kod ispitanika 7-8 godina dokazana je statistički značajna razlika između nekih grupa prema uspešnosti usvajanja tehnike skijanja. Ispitanici koji su tehniku skijanja usvojili uspešno postigli su dobre rezultate u testovima poligon natraške, koraci u stranu dokorakom, stajanje na levoj nozi poprečno na klupici za ravnotežu, skok uvis, taping nogom za 15 sec i podizanje trupa za 60 sekundi i srednje rezultate na testu trčanje na 20 m i stajanje na desnoj nozi poprečno na klupici za ravnotežu. Nije uočena značajna razlika u uspešnosti usvajanja između dečaka i devojčica., dok deca koja imaju iskustvo u organizovanim sportskim programima uspešnije usvajaju osnovnu tehniku skijanja. Značajana razlika u uspešnosti usvajanja uočena je između dece različitih uzrasnih grupa, deca uzrasta 7-8 godina su značajno uspešnije usvojili osnovnu tehniku skijanja u odnosu na decu uzrasta 5-6 godina.

This research was conducted on 100 participants, children aged 5-8 years, all ski beginners. The sample was divided into two subsamples, children aged 5-6 and 7-8 years old. The goal of the research was to determine the possible differences in successfulness of adopting the basic ski technique in regard to children’s morphological characteristics, motor abilities, gender, age and participation in organized sports activities. After completing the six days training, the successfulness of performing the basic elements of the ski technique was determined through the following tasks: stopping in a snow-plough, uphill turn and turns around the posted marks by three independent judges. Significant differences in adopting basic ski technique in regard to morphological characteristics in children 5-6 years were obtained for the variables body mass, circumference of the right thigh and upper arm skinfold thickenss, while in children aged 7-8 years were observed only in body mass variable. The assessment of motor status was conducted using the battery of ten standardized motor tests. The research results show no significant differences in success of adopting basic ski technique compared to the examined motor abilities in children aged 5-6. Among the participants aged 7-8, significant differences in successful adoption of ski technique were noticed, the participants who successfully adopted the basic ski technique also achieved good results at tests: polygon backwards, side steps, balancing on left leg perpendicular on balance board, vertical jump, foot tapping and sit-ups and medium results at tests 20 m run and balancing on right leg perpendicular on balance board. There was no significant difference in the success of adopting basic ski technique between boys and girls, while children with experience in organized sports programs more successfully acquire the basic ski technique. A significant difference was observed between the children of different age groups, children aged 7-8 years were significantly more successfully adopted the basic techniques of skiing in relation to children aged 5-6 years.