Nefinitni glagolski komplementi u engleskom i njihovi prevodni ekvivalenti u srpskom jeziku

Abstract

U disertaciji Nefinitni glagolski komplementi u engleskom i njihovi prevodni ekvivalenti u srpskom jeziku razmatramo problematiku infinitivnih i gerundijumsko-participskih dopunskih konstrukcija u engleskom jeziku u poređenju sa odgovarajućim prevodnim strukturama u srpskom jeziku. Istraživanje je sprovedeno kontrastriranjem obličkih, značenjskih i funkcionalnih karakteristika analiziranih struktura, uz korišćenje metode upoređivanja ostvarenih prevodnih ekvivalenata putem tehnike jednosmernog prevoda. Rad se oslanja na strukturalno-deskriptivni istraživački model, uz poseban osvrt na ranija razmatranja u svetlu generativnih i kognitivnolingvističkih pristupa jeziku. Disertacijom nastojimo da pružimo odgovore na pitanja formulisana u vidu istraživačkih hipoteza, ali i da se pozabavimo otvorenim temama vezanim za nefinitne komplemente, posebno u vezi sa učestalošću i kategorijalnim statusom analiziranih pojava u oba jezika. Primarni cilj koji smo postavili jeste da utvrdimo kakva je jezička priroda poredbenih struktura u engleskom i srpskom kako bismo ustanovili u kakvom odnosu one stoje. Analiza je sprovedena u skladu sa rezultatima kvantitativne obrade građe i njene kvalitativne elaboracije zasnovane na prethodno definisanim teorijskim osnovama. Razmatranja uključuju i klasifikacione aspekte nefinitnih komplementskih oblika i njihovih upravnih struktura prema relevantnim strukturnim i semantičkim obeležjima. Za postizanje navedenih ciljeva, poslužili smo se posebno oformljenim korpusom, koji sadrži oko dve hiljade prevodnih parova ekscerpiranih iz proznih dela savremenih engleskih i srpskih pisaca i njihovih prevoda na srpski, odnosno engleski jezik. Na osnovu temeljnih ispitivanja, na kvantitativnom planu smo zaključili da pri prevođenju oba tipa engleskih nefinitnih komplemenata izrazito dominira klauza sa veznikom DA i prezentom sa nereferencijalnim značenjem, dok se kao umereno učestali prevodni eksponenti javljaju deverebativne imenice i dopunske finitne klauze. S druge strane, dopunski prevodni ekvivalenti realizovani u vidu srpske infinitivne strukture registrovani su u veoma malom broju, što upućuje na zaključak da se u prevodnom smislu radi o marginalnoj kategoriji. Kvalitativnim razmatranjima ustanovili smo da se razlog za dominantnost zabeleženih prevodnih struktura može tražiti u potpunijem informacionom potencijalu nefinitne dopune u engleskom jeziku nego infinitivnog komplementa u srpskom jeziku. Pod ovim naročito podrazumevamo mogućnost engleskog komplementa da u okviru nefinitne klauze formalno eksplicira subjekat, što u srpskom nije slučaj. Takođe, ustanovljeno je da su vremenske interpretacije analiziranih konstrukcija uslovljene kako strukturnim činiocima (npr. aspekatskom markiranošću komplemenata), tako i značenjskim odnosima između upravnih i dopunskih struktura u oba jezika.

The dissertation Non-finite Verbal Complements in the English language and their Translation Equivalents in the Serbian Language investigates infinitival and gerund-participal complement constructions in English in comparison with corresponding translation structures in Serbian. The research was conducted by contrasting formal, semantic and functional features of the analyzed constructions using the method of comparing the observed translation equivalents by applying the unidirectional translation technique. The dissertation is based on the structural-descriptive linguistic model, with special regard to previous investigations conducted within generative and cognitive-linguistic approaches to language. This paper aims to provide answers for the raised issues (formulated in the form of the research hypotheses), but also to investigate some open isssues concerning non-finite complements, especially concerning the frequency of their occurrence and categorial status of the discussed phenomena in both languages. Our primary goal was to establish what the linguistic characteristics of the contrasted structures are in both languages in order to determine what relations apply between them. The analysis is conducted in accordance with the results of quantitative processing of the assembled linguistic corpus, followed by the qualitative elaboration based on previously defined theoretical framework. The research also includes classificational aspects of non-finite complement forms and structures governing them, based on relevant structural and semantic properties. In order to achieve these goals, we used a corpus assembled specifically for this purpose. The corpus contains approximately two thousand translational pairs excerpted from fictional works of contemporary English and Serbian writers and their corresponding translations into the opposite language. Based on extensive research, we have concluded that during the process of translation of both types of English non-finite complements there is a considerable prevalence of the Serbian DA clause combined with the temporally non-referential present tense form, while deverbal nouns and finite complement clauses have moderate frequencies of occurrence as translational equivalents. Translational equivalents as complements in the form of Serbian infinitival structures were registered in a very small number, which led us to conclude that, translationally speaking, infinitive complements are realized as a marginal category. By means of qualitative elaboration, we determined that the explanation for the dominance of the abovementioned translational structures could be found in the more extensive informational potential of the DA+Present clause than infinitive in Serbian. This is manifested particularly by the ability of the English non-finite complement to formally express its subject, which is not the case in Serbian. Additionally, it has been established that temporal interpretations of the analyzed constructions depend on both structural factors (eg. aspectual markedness of the complement) and semantic relations between matrix and complement structures in both languages.