Типови шума Копаоника као еколошки основ реалног планирања газдовања - одрживог управљања шумским екосистемима

Abstract

У еколошки променљивом шумском пределу, успех у предвиђању одговора шумских екосистема на поремећаје настале природно и индуковане начинима газдовања је неизвестан ако не можемо експлицитно да идентификујемо и објаснимо варијације у еколошким условима, које одређују продуктивност и отпорност екосистема...

In an ecologically variable forest landscape, the success of predicting the response of forest ecosystems to disturbances occurring naturally or induced by modes of management is uncertain if we cannot explicitly identify and explain the variations in environmental conditions that determine the productivity and resilience of ecosystems. This can be efficiently achieved by exploring the ecological classification of habitats. Although created with the primary objective to provide a more complete basis for ecological forest management planning, the typological classification that has been in use in this country can by all its characteristics be considered an ecological classification. The aim of this study was to thoroughly and comprehensively observe all the significant features of the previously defined basic classification units - forest types in the complex of mesophilic beech forests and beech-coniferous forests in the Kopaonik National Park that are significant for modern forest management planning. Among these characteristics are ecotope and biocenosis characterized primarily by the structural shape, mixture ratio, relationships among the tree species and the size, structure, value and safety of wood volume production. In addition, a special goal of this research was to define the objectives of forest management in relation to the existing situation of determined forest types and realistically established priority functions, as well as an orientational functional optimum of these forests. In 27 sample plots of the average size of 0.33 ha, the survey included the following forest coenoecological groups of forest types: forests of spruce, fir and beech (Abieti - Piceenion-Bl. No. 39) on humus-silicate soils, rendzinas, humus, eutric and dystric brown soils, brown and illimerised soils on limestone, the contact of limestone and silicate rocks and brown podzolic soil...