Analiza i ocena održivog razvoja energetskog sistema u zgradarstvu

Abstract

Cities are very high populated urban areas and consequently very large consumers of final energy. Their main characteristic is the largest share in energy consumed by residential building sector. Therefore, paying attention to the energy use assessment in residential building sector, at the same time with assessing quality of living, is especially important. Indicators of sustainable development represent essential characteristics for evaluating energy consumption and living quality in residential buildings. In this paper qualitative characterization of the considered objects is performed based on the period of construction (1946-1980 and 1981-2006), type of heating system (electricity, district heating and fossil fuels) and type of object (single family houses and apartments) for the city of Belgrade. Representative sample was taken into account and, based on the qualitative characterization, divided in nine subgroups (options). Eleven economic, social and environmental subindicators were selected and calculated for all chosen options to present energy consumption necessary to meet the needs of occupants for space heating, hot water production, cooking, household electrical appliances, indoor air quality, living space, etc. Multicriteria analysis, having application in decision making policies, was used to evaluate sustainability of different residential options through sustainability index calculation. This mathematical procedure was conducted by agglomeration of normalized subindicators´ values into economic, environmental and social indicators (first level) and agglomeration of indicators into sustainability index (second level). In order to investigate the effect of nonlinearity on the sub-indicators' agglomeration, the change in nonlinearity was introduced in the procedure. Normalized sub-indicators are obtained by selection of the appropriate linear (θ1= θ2=... =θ11=1) or non-linear parameters (θ1, θ2,..., θ11; θj≠1). Sustainability index and it´s standard deviation were calculated for different values of the parameter θ and each option. The functional dependence between the sustainability index and the associated standard deviation of the θ parameter (characterizing the way of normalization) was obtained.