Uticaj parametara pasivnog solarnog dizajna i aktivnih solarnih sistema na potrošnju energije u poslovnim zgradama

Abstract

Recent recast of the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, requesting all new buildings in the EU to consume `nearly zero' energy after 2020, requires the coherent application of passive and active design strategies in reducing heating, cooling and lighting loads and utilization of renewable energy. A necessary step in this process is application of the optimal combination of passive design measures, foremost among them being passive solar design measures, which aim to use the solar energy as much as possible in establishing thermal comfort in buildings, without the use of electrical or mechanical equipment. Although it is relatively simple to reduce the energy use up to some extent by applying individual measures, very high levels of energy performance require application of the optimal combination of several different measures. Building energy simulation plays a fundamental role in this process, since the energy use depends in a complex way not only on applied passive solar design strategies, but also on local climate factors. Purpose of this work is to study relationships between the parameters of passive solar design and the heating, cooling and lighting energy loads in office buildings, through a parametric study of a model of an office building located in Belgrade. The case study is a four-story office building, rectangular in shape, with longer sides facing south and north, with windows present at southern and northern facades only. The design parameters include six types of southern glazing types and of northern glazing types, seven values of windows-to-wall ratio for southern and for northern windows ranging from 25% (in order to satisfy minimal daylighting regulations) to 100%, presence of external shading at southern windows, as well as three U-values of external walls. In total, 10,584 building variants have been simulated in EnergyPlus. Analysis of simulation results leads to findings on the optimal windows-to-wall ratio and the optimal glazing choice for southern and northern facade, as well as on the influence of external shading on lowering cooling energy load. Additional simulations of a photovoltaic plant installation on the building model show that a significant number of building variants may became positive energy building with an integration of the photovoltaic plant in the roof of the building.