Artikulaciono-akustički i auditivni aspekt odstupanja glasova u patološkom izgovoru

Abstract

Predmet istraživanja ove disertacije je sprovođenje sistematskog istraživanje akustickih karakteristika glasova u patološkom izgovoru i poređenje odstupanja odabranih glasova sa akustickim karakteristikama glasova u tipicnom izgovoru kod izvornih govornika srpskog jezika. S obzirom na prirodu problema, istraživanja u disertaciji idu u nekoliko pravaca: a) artikulaciono-akusticka analiza tipičnih odstupanja i njihova karakterizacija, b) analiza akustickih mera identifikacije odstupanja i njihova uloga u prepoznavanju; c) analiza auditivne percepcije odstupanja i njena zavisnost od akustickih odstupanja. Pored ostalog, za realizaciju predmeta istraživanja bilo je neophodno poznavanje uzrasnih normi za razvoj glasova kao i artikulaciono-akustickih karakteristika tipičnog izgovora svih glasova, tj. standarda tipične artikulacije. Uzorak istraživanja cinile su dve grupe govornika (eksperimentalna i kontrolna), na osnovu cijeg izgovora su formirane baze govornih stimulusa, i dve grupe slušalaca za ispitivanje perceptivnog (auditivnog) aspekta odstupanja glasova u atipicnom izgovoru. Za govornike su odabrana deca, desetogodišnjaci i jedanaestogodišnjaci, jer su oni u govornoj fazi u kojoj se približavaju odraslim izvornim govornicima, odnosno kod njih je ostvaren sistem automatizovanih artikulacionih navika i u procesu su usvajanja standardne ortoepije. Grupu slušalaca cinili su eksperti i netrenirani slušaoci. U istraživanju je korišcen Globalni artikulacioni test (GAT) i Test za analiticku ocenu glasova srpskog jezika (AT). Analizom govornog korpusa (baze govornih stimulusa rezultata) Globalnim artikulacionim testom, izdvojena je grupa od 7 glasova (/š/, /c/, /dž/, /š/, /ž/, /r/ i /l/), koji su pokazali najveću učestalost atipične produkcije, po tipu distorzije. Grupa izdvojenih glasova analizirana je Artikulacionim testom pri cemu je dobijen skup akustičko -artikulacionih obeležja za svaki od sedam glasova. U posmatranoj bazi najveću zastupljenost pokazala su odstupanja po tipu: različitih vrsta sigmatizama i izmenjenog kvaliteta trajanja i intenziteta frikcije. Raspodela trajanja i intenziteta analiziranih glasova može se opisati normalnom ili lognormalnom Gausovom raspodelom. Analiza je pokazala da se za svaki glas može definisati varijaciono polje trajanja i intenziteta za tipičan izgovor. Dinamika trajanja kreće se od 70 ms za glas /c/ do 145 ms za glas /dž/. Dinamika intenziteta krece se od 11 dB za glas /c/ do 17 dB za glas /ž/. Analiza akustickih korelata odstupanja u spektralnom domenu, pokazala je da se odstupanja po tipu sigmatizama (interdentalni, adentalni i stridentni sigmatizam) i intenziteta frikcije (slaba i jaka frikcija) mogu prepoznati u spektralnom domenu. Za pomenuta odstupanja moguće je definisati kriterijume diferencijacije tipicnog i atipicnog izgovora u spektralnom domenu...

The subject of this dissertation is systematic examination of acoustic characteristics of sound in pathological pronunciation and comparison of deviation of selected sounds with acoustic characteristics of sounds in typical pronunciation in subjects having Serbian as the mother tongue. Concerning the nature of the problem, empirical studies included in the dissertation lead in several directions: a) articulation-acoustic analysis of typical deviations and their characterisation, b) analysis of acoustic deviation measures and their role in recognition; c) analysis of auditory perception of deviation and its dependence on acoustic deviation. In addition, knowledge of sound development age standards as well as articulation-acoustic characteristics of typical pronunciation or typical articulation standards were needed for the realisation of the subject of the study. The sample consisted of two groups of speakers (experimental and control) based on whose articulation speech stimuli data bases were made. Also, two groups of listeners were created for examination of perceptive (auditory) aspects of sound deviation in typical pronunciation. Children aged 10 and 11 were selected as speakers, because at these ages, they are reaching adult speakers. In other words, they have developed a system of automatic articulation habits and in the process of acquiring standard ortoepia. The group of listeners was made up of experts and untrained listeners. The Global Articulation Test (GAT) and the Test for Analytical Estimation of Sounds of the Serbian Language (AT) were used in the study. Analysis of the speech corpus (speech stimuli data base) using the Global Articulation Test resulted in a group of 7 sounds was selected (/c/, /c/, /dž/, /š/, /ž/, /r/ i /l/), showing the highest frequency of atypical production of the distortion type. The selected group of sounds was analysed with the Articulation Test resulting in a set of articulation-acoustic characteristics for each of the seven sounds. The examined data base showed the following as the most frequent deviations: different types of sigmatism and changed duration quality as well as changed friction intensity. The distribution of duration and intensity of analysed sounds can be described with the normal or lognormal Gaussian distribution. The analysis uncovered that each sound can be defined as a variation field of duration and intensity for typical pronunciation. The duration dynamics encompassed values from 70 ms for the sound viii /c/ up to 145 ms for sound /dž/. The intensity dynamics had values from 11 dB for sound /c/ to 17 dB for sound /ž/. Analysis of acoustic correlates of deviation in the spectral domain showed that sigmatism deviations (interdental, adental and strident sigmatism) and friction intensity (weak and strong friction) can be recognized in the spectral domain. For the described deviations, differentiation criteria of typical and atypical articulation in the spectral domain can be defined...