Prilog definisanju politike parkiranja u zavisnosti od nivoa usluge na saobraćajnoj mreži

Abstract

U gradovima koji su se opredelili za strategiju balansiranog razvoja, upravljanje parkiranjem se odvija u dve faze. Prva obuhvata prostorno uređenje parkiranja, odnosno tehničko regulisanje parking mesta na uličnim frontovima prema zakonskim propisima i normativima za dimenzionisanje kao i obezbeđivanje dovoljnog broja mesta za stanovnike u uticajnoj zoni stanovanja. Druga faza, funkcionalno uređenje parkiranja, se odnosi na upravljanje zahtevima za parkiranje i uobičajeno otpočinje uvođenjem režima regulisanja trajanja parkiranja. Ova politika se primenjuje kako bi se, destimulacijom/onemogućavanjem realizacije dugotrajnog parkiranja, jednovremeni zahtevi doveli na nivo postojećih kapaciteta za parkiranje, koji se uz to mogu ponuditi i većem broju korisnika. Uticaj politike parkiranja ne ostaje samo u okvirima ovog podsistema, već se može ispoljiti i na druge transportne podsisteme, kao i na socijalni, ekonomski i ekološki sistem grada. Poseban uticaj politika parkiranja može imati na dinamički saobraćaj. Međutim, u dosadašnjoj praksi ispitivanje uslova za uvođenje režima parkiranja i definisanje njegovih atributa vršeno je isključivo na osnovu karakteristika parkiranja. Cilj ove disertacije je razvoj metodologije kojom bi se politika parkiranja definisala, između ostalog, i uz ograničenje da se ne naruši postojeći (ili da se ne prevaziđe granični, prethodno određeni) nivo usluge na gradskim saobraćajnicama, a da takva politika dovede do pozitivnih efekata u podsistemu parkiranja. Predmet disertacije je ispitivanje uticaja uvođenja ili redefinisanja mera u parkiranju na nivo usluge dinamičkog saobraćaja. Analizom parametara koji figurišu u određivanju nivoa usluge semaforisanih raskrsnica, zaključeno je da režim parkiranja može uticati na saobraćajno opterećenje i kapacitet raskrsnica. Vrednovanje ovih uticaja se svodi na prognozu uticaja atributa režima parkiranja na zahteve za parkiranje (postojeće i generisane) i obim saobraćaja nastao zbog traganja za slobodnim parking mestom. Za potrebe prognoze u ovom radu korišćeni su modeli logističke regresije koji se podešavaju podacima prikupljenim metodom zavisnih istraživanja, tehnikama izjavljenih i izraženih preferencija...

In the cities which have chosen the balanced development strategy, parking management is conducted in two phases. The first phase includes spatial regulation of parking, i.e. technical regulation of the on-street parking spaces in accordance with legal regulations and dimensioning standards, as well as provision of sufficient number of spaces for the residents in the residential zone of influence. The second phase, functional regulation of parking, refers to parking demand management and it usually begins with introduction of parking duration control regime. This policy is applied with the aim, by discouraging/disabling long time parking, to bring parking demand to the level of the existing parking supply, which, in addition, can be offered to a larger number of users. The influence of parking policy does not remain only within the scope of this subsystem, but it can also be manifested in other transport subsystems, as well as in social, economic and environmental system of a city. Parking policy can have a special influence on the dynamic traffic. However, in the previous practice the examination of the conditions for introducing the parking regime and defining its attributes has been conducted exclusively on the basis of parking characteristics. The objective of this dissertation is to develop a methodology which would define the parking policy, inter alia, also with the limitation not to upset the existing (or not to exceed the boundary, previously determined) Level of Service on the urban streets, and also that such policy results in positive effects in the parking subsystem. The subject of the dissertation is to study the impacts of introducing or redefining the parking measures on the Level of Service of the dynamic traffic. By analysing the parameters used to determine the Level of Service of the signalized intersections it was concluded that the parking regime can have an impact on traffic volume and intersection capacity. Evaluation of these impacts reduces itself to the forecast of the impacts of the parking regime attributes on parking demand (existing and generated) and the traffic volume generated due to search for a vacant parking space.The models of logistic regression adjusted by the data gathered using the method of dependent surveys and techniques of revealed and stated preferences were used in this paper for the needs of the forecast...