Doprinos metodologiji ocene uticaja saobraćajne politike na drumski transport robe

Abstract

Drumski transport robe se susreće sa mnogim izazovima koji predstavljaju pretnju produktivnosti, efikasnosti i kvalitetu usluge koja se pruža. Kako je drumski transport značajan za privredu ovi izazovi zahtevaju pažnju javnog sektora i preduzimanje mera saobraćajne politike kojima će se njihovi efekti otkloniti ili ublažiti. Predmet ove disertacije su elementi saobraćajne politike i način donošenja odluka o njihovoj primeni u međunarodnom drumskom transportu robe. Cilj je da se definiše metodologija za podršku odlučivanju u sferi vođenja politike u oblasti transporta, i to u delu razvoja elemenata saobraćajne politike koji se odnose na međunarodni drumski transport robe, uz afirmaciju učešća zainteresovanih strana. Na početku rada pažnja je posvećena prikazu, raspravi i sistematizaciji osnovnih pojmova kako procesa strateškog planiranja transporta i elemenata rezultujućeg dokumenta nacionalne saobraćajne politike, tako i procesa stvaranja i primene politike. Komparativnom metodom detaljno su analizirani strateški dokumenti saobraćajne politike evropskih država i identifikovani su i sistematizovani, metodom empirijske klasifikacije, instrumenti politike koji utiču na međunarodni drumski transport robe. Prikazana je definisana metodologija za ocenu uticaja politike koja će proizvesti uspešno delovanje na međunarodni drumski transport robe, odnosno opisani su koraci postupka u opštem slučaju. Metodologija je definisana metodom kompilacije i modeliranjem. Prezentirani su način na koji se analizira stanje, analiziraju zainteresovane strane i identifikuju, selektuju i rangiraju problemi podsistema međunarodnog drumskog transporta robe. Potom se pažnja posvećuje definisanju ciljeva i kriterijumima za izbor instrumenata za njihovo dostizanje. U nastavku je dat okvir sistema indikatora i postupak za izbor pojedinačnih indikatora koji je preuzet iz literature kao i modifikovan kompleksan indikator koji je prilagođen korišćenju za međunarodni drumski transport robe. Detaljno je opisan razvijeni model za ocenu uticaja instrumenata saobraćajne politike na međunarodni drumski transport višekriterijumskim rangiranjem primenom Analitičkog mrežnog procesa.

Road transport of goods is facing many challenges that threaten the productivity, efficiency and quality of service provided. Having in mind the economic relevance of road transport, these challenges deserve due care and attention by the public sector, as well as appropriate transport policy measures to eliminate or mitigate their effects. The subject of this dissertation covers the elements of the transport policy and the decision making process governing their implementation in international road transport of goods. The main objective is to define a methodology to support the decision making process in carrying out a transport policy, with an emphasis on the development of the transport policy elements related to international road transport of goods and stakeholders' participation. In the opening segment of the dissertation, the focus is on the description, discussion and classification of the basic terms pertaining to a) strategic transport planning and the elements of a resulting national transport policy document, and b) the process of policy making. A comparative method has been used to analyse strategic transport policy documents of European countries, whereas the policy instruments of relevance to international road transport of goods have been identified and arranged in a systematic order by empirical comparison. The research resulted in a specific methodology to assess the impact of a transport policy with a successful effect on international road transport of goods, and described the phases of the procedure in a general case. The methodology has been defined by a compilation method and modelling. The methods to analyse the situation and stakeholders, and to identify, select and rank the international road transport of goods subsystem problems were presented. The focus then shifts to the definition of objectives and criteria for the selection of instruments to achieve them. Further, a framework for the system of indicators has been set, along with the selection procedure for individual indicators taken from the literature and a modified, complex indicator adjusted to the use in international road transport of goods. A detailed description follows of the developed model for the impact assessment of transport policy instruments on international road transport, involving multi-criteria ranking by means of Analytic Network Process.