Preduzimanje kriminalističkih radnji i doprinos policije rasvetljenju krivičnih dela

Abstract

Pitanje položaja policije, kao jednog od ključnih učesnika društvenog reagovanja na kriminalitet, zatim pitanje preduzimanja kriminalističkih radnji od strane policije, te njenom doprinosu rasvetljenju krivičnih dela, značajno poslednjih godina zaokuplja pažnju domaće naučne i stručne javnosti. Policija je aktivan subjekt predistražnog postupka. Osnovni zadatak policije je otkrivanje krivičnih dela i učinilaca, za šta je od izuzetnog značaja angažovanje specijalizovanih jedinica kriminalističke policije i njihova saradnja sa uniformisanom policijom. Iz tog razloga daje joj se mogućnost preduzimanja operativnih ali i dokaznih radnji. S tim u vezi, logično je da se radnje policije u velikoj meri isključivo vezuju za predistražni i istražni postupak kojim rukovodi javni tužilac. Kako kriminalitet predstavlja najsloženiju i najopasniju pretnju savremenom društvu, radnje policije usmerene na suzbijanje kriminaliteta, i njihova saradnja sa pravosudnim organima, su od izuzetnog značaja. Predmet istraživanja u disertaciji bio je analiza radnji policije, njene uloge u krivičnom postupku i doprinosa utvrđivanju materijalne istine. Disertacija se u razradi predmeta, dokazivanju hipoteza i postizanju prethodno definisanog cilja, temelji na raznovrsnom metodološkom pristupu. U istraživačkom delu, fokus je bio na broju pokrenutih krivičnih postupaka, podignutih optužnih akata i osuđujućih presuda, u odnosu na rezultate pokrenutih predistražnih postupaka u Republici Srbiji, uz osvrt na istorijski razvoj zakonskih propisa u ovoj oblasti, kao i na pozitivnopravnim propisima, tj. de lege lata odredbi koje se odnose na ovu oblast. Sa druge strane, rad je obuhvatio i istraživanje u oblasti aktivnosti državnih organa, njihove mogućnosti delovanja u represivnom i preventivnom smislu, uz analizu rezultata koje ostvaruju i mogućnosti unapređenja politike suzbijanja kriminaliteta, odnosno de lege ferenda okvira. Dakle, pored utvrđivanja doprinosa kriminalističke policije rasvetljenju krivičnih dela, od primarnog interesa bilo je i razmatranje aktuelnih, savremenih tendencija u segmentu prepoznavanja značaja njihovog rada, kao i u domenu represivnih i preventivnih mera. Nakon svega iznetog, može se reći da su sve tri hipoteze potvrđene u disertaciji. Naime, kriminalističke radnje policije u predistražnom i istražnom postupku predstavljaju krucijalni korak ka pokretanju krivičnog postupka i rasvetljenju krivičnih dela. Zatim, pravovremeni pristup i kontinuirana obuka pripadnika policijskih organa doprinose boljem utvrđivanju materijalne istine u konačnoj fazi krivičnog postupka. I konačno, pravilnom primenom zakonskih ovlašćenja policijski rad dovodi do adekvatnih odluka pravosudniih organa.

The police are the major contributor to the social response to crime, so the issues involving their position and their undertaking criminal investigation actions have been in the focus of the domestic scientific and professional public in recent years. As an active subject in the pre-investigation procedure, the police are tasked with detecting criminal offenses and identifying perpetrators, whereas the engagement of specialized units of the criminal police and their cooperation with the uniformed police is of utmost importance. For this purpose, the police may undertake both operational and evidentiary actions. Hence, the police actions are largely related to the pre-investigation and investigation proceedings managed by the public prosecutor. As criminality poses the most complex and dangerous threat to modern society, the actions of the police aimed at combating crime, and their cooperation with judicial authorities, are extremely important. The research in the dissertation is aimed at analyzing the police actions, their role in the criminal proceedings and their contribution to establishing the material truth. The dissertation is based on a diverse methodological approach in developing the subject matter, proving the hypotheses and achieving the previously defined objective. In the research section, it focuses on the number of initiated criminal proceedings, indictments filed and convictions as compared to the results of initiated pre-investigation proceedings in the Republic of Serbia, with reference to the historical development of legal regulations, as well as the positive legal regulations, i.e., de lege lata provisions relating to this area. On the other hand, the dissertation included research into the activities of state bodies, their possibilities to act in a repressive and preventive sense, with the analysis of the results they achieve and the possibilities of improving the policy of crime suppression, i.e., the de lege ferenda framework. Therefore, in addition to determining the contribution of the criminal investigation police to solving crimes, of primary interest was the consideration of the present, contemporary tendencies in recognizing the significance of police work, as well as in the domain of repressive and preventive measures. After presenting everything, it can be said that all three hypotheses were confirmed in the dissertation. Namely, the criminal actions of the police in the pre-investigation and investigation proceedings are a crucial step towards the initiation of criminal proceedings and the investigation of criminal offenses. Secondly, timely access and continuous training of members of the police bodies contribute to an improved establishment of the material truth in the final phase of criminal proceedings. And finally, with the proper use of legal powers, police work leads to adequate decisions by judicial authorities.