Оdređivanje takmičarske specijalnosti biciklista u odnosu na funkcionalne i morfološke pokazatelje

Abstract

Uzorak ispitanika bio je sastavljen od drumskih biciklista koji su selektovani kao nacionalna klasa Rerpublike Srbije, i to od subuzoraka struktuiranih prema uzrasnim kategorijama, juniori, mlađi seniori „U23“ i seniori . Efektiv osnovnog uzorka bio je sastavljen od 76 ispitanika, prosečnog uzrasta 20.934±6.589 god, telesne visine 179.513±6.03 cm i telesne mase 68.661±6.03 kg. U svakoj od uzrasnih grupa bili su zastupljeni takmičari sledećih specijalnosti: sprinteri (N=20), vozači specijalisti u brdskim uslovima (N=35) i specijalisti u vožnji na pretežno ravnim terenima (N=21). U okviru testiranja rađen je sportskomedicinski pregled koji se sastajao od antropometrijskih i funkcionalnih testiranja. Iz tih testova izabrano je šest antropometrijskih mera, šest spirometrijskih varijabli dinamičkih plućnih kapaciteta i sedamnaest spiroergometrijskih varijabli dobijenih na dva nivoa opterećenja, maksimalnom i nivou ventilatornog anaerobnog praga. Svi rezultati prikupljeni u istraživanju obrađeni su analizama deskriptivne statističke analize, inferencijalne statističke analize i multivarijatne statističke analize. Primenjena metodologija bila je u funkciji ispitivanja zasnovanosti 5 hipoteza istraživanja. Dobijeni rezultati definisali su 7-dimenzionalnu strukturu latentnih dimenzija koji se mogu smatrati odgovornim za 74.81% ukupno registrovane varijanse analizirane kardiorespiratorne strukture biciklista. Diskriminacionom analizom utvrđeno je 11 varijable koje doprinose razdvajanju biciklista u različite takmičarske specijalnosti i to u dva kanonička korena. Dobijeni diskriminacioni model je, na osnovu rezultata koje su ispitanici prikazali u prediktivnim varijablama istraživanja, ispravno klasifikovao 91.428% biciklista specijalista za vožnju u pretežno ravnim terenima, zatim 85.714% vozača specijalista u brdskim uslovima i sve ispitanike sprintere (100%). U proseku je 92.105% ispitanika bilo ispravno klasifikovano, što govori o snazi dobijenog diskriminacionog modela. Ispitivanje kriterijuma za procenu pripadnosti biciklista određenoj takmičarskoj specijalnosti, na osnovu izabranih vrednosti antropometrijskih, kardiovaskularnih i respiratornih sposobnosti, kao i pokazatelja specifične radne sposobnosti, rezultiralo je sa predikcionim regresionim modelom visoke statističke značajnosti...

The sample of respondents was composed of road cyclists who were selected as the national class of the Republic of Serbia, from subsample structured by age categories, juniors, young seniors "U23" and seniors. The primary sample effect was composed of 76 subjects, an average age of 20,934 ± 6,589 years, a body height of 179,513 ± 6.03 cm and a body weight of 68,661 ± 6.03 kg. In each of the age groups there were competitors of the following specialties: sprinter (N=20), specialists ride in mountain conditions (N=35) and specialists ride on predominantly flat terrain (N=21). As part of the testing, a medical and medical examination was made that consisted of anthropometric and functional testing. From these tests, six anthropometric measures, six spirometric dynamic pulmonary capacity variables and seventeen spiroergometric variables obtained at two levels of load were selected, the maximum and level of the ventilation anaerobic threshold. All results collected in the study were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistical analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. The applied methodology was in function of testing the basis of the 5 hypotheses of the research. The obtained results defined the 7-dimensional structure of latent dimensions that can be considered responsible for 74.81% of the total registered variance of the analyzed cardiorespiratory structure of cyclists. The discriminatory analysis identified 11 variables that contribute to the separation of cyclists into different competitive specialties, in two canonical roots. Based on the results presented by the respondents in predictive variables, the obtained discriminatory model correctly classified 91.428% of bicycle specialists for ride in predominantly flat terrain, followed by 85.714% specialists in mountain conditions and all sprinter respondents (100%). On average, 92.105% of respondents were correctly classified, which speaks of the strength of the discriminatory model obtained. Examination of the criteria for assessing the belonging of cyclists to a specific competitor specialty, based on the selected values of anthropometric, cardiovascular and respiratory abilities, as well as indicators of specific working ability, resulted in a predictive regression model of high statistical significance...