Efekti primene molekularnog vodonika i fizičkog vežbanja na telesnu kompoziciju, metabolički profil i kvalitet života žena trećeg doba

Abstract

Istraživanja o primeni molekularnog vodonika prilično su nova, međutim dosadašnja naučna otkrića smatraju molekularni vodonik za važan agens u biomedicini, a sa saznanjem o njegovoj biološkoj raspoloživosti i terapeutskom potencijalu u poslednjih deset godina, primetan je porast upotrebe vodonika u preventivne i terapijske svrhe. Proces starenja često prate metabolički poremećaji, gojaznost, opadanje kvaliteta života i kognitivne funkcije. Molekularni vodonik (H2) efikasno rešava poremećaje povezane s metaboličkim poremećajima i kognitivnim funkcionisanjem na primerima dosadašnjih istraživanja. U cilju procene efekata primene molekularnog vodonika na telesnu kompoziciju, metabolički profil i kvalitet života kod odraslih starijih žena, sprovedena su dva eksperimenta. U prvom eksperimentalnom postupku ispitivani su efekti primene putem oralnog unošenja rastvora vode obogaćene molekularnim vodonikom (HRW) u trajanju od 28 dana. Prvo eksperimentalno istraživanje sprovedeno je na uzorku ispitanica ženskog pola srednjeg starosnog doba i prekomerne telesne težine (n = 10), koje su nasumice uzimale vodu obogaćenu molekularnim vodonikom i placebo. Analizirani su efekti primene HRW na indikatore telesne kompozicije, hormonalnog statusa, mitohondrijalne funkcije, kvalitet života, navike u ishrani, nivou fizičke aktivnosti, te kardiorespiratornim sposobnostima. Nakon primenjenog tretmana HRW došlo je do statistički značajnih promena između posmatranih grupa ispitanica i smanjenja procenta telesnih masti i indeksa masti nadlaktice u korist grupe koja je uzimala H2 (P < 0,05). Nakon primenjenog tretmana HRW došlo je do statistički značajnog smanjenja u vrednostima triglicerida u serumu kod ispitanica H2 grupe u poređenju s placebo grupom (21,3% vs. 6,5%; P = 0,04), dok su ostali lipidi krvi ostali stabilni tokom ove studije (P > 0,05). Nivoi serumskog insulina smanjeni su za 5,4%, dok je placebo intervencija uvećala odgovor insulina za 29,3% (P = 0,01). Došlo je do statistički značajnih efekata kod H2 grupe u odnosu na placebo grupu u vrednostima maksimalne potrošnje kiseonika VO2 max (P ≤ 0,03), ukupnog izvršenog rada prilikom testiranja (P = 0,01), te ukupnog vremena trajanja testa opterećenja (P ≤ 0,02). Na osnovu ovog istraživanja može se pretpostaviti da H2 može pozitivno uticati na telesnu strukturu i insulinsku rezistenciju i unapređenje kardiorespiratornih sposobnosti kod žena srednje starosne dobi, prekomerne telesne težine. Drugi eksperimentalni postupak odnosio se na primenu molekularnog vodonika H2 putem inhalacije svaki dan, po 15 minuta u trajanju od 28 dana. Analizirani su efekti primene H2 na telesnu kompoziciju, kognitivne performanse i kvalitet života povezan sa zdravljem žena (n = 13) starijeg starosnog doba. Inhalacija je sprovedena upotrebom inhalatora koji generiše 4% H2. Kognitivna funkcija učesnica ocenjena je pomoću kognitivne skale MMSE i skale za procenu Alchajmerove bolesti (ADAS-Cog). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata nakon intervencije H2 došlo je do statistički značajnog povećanja ukupnih rezultata u vrednostima upitnika MMSE (za 13,7%; P < 0,01). Osim toga, primetno je statistički značajno poboljšanje vrednosti ADAS-Cog nakon inhalacije H2, s boljim performansama na testu za prisećanje reči (P < 0,01) i poboljšanju u testu prepoznavanja reči (P = 0,01). Dobijeni rezultati oba eksperimenta pokazuju da bi H2 mogao biti efikasan biomedicinski agens za upravljanje složenim stanjima nastalih starenjem, usled metaboličkih i kognitivnih poremaćaja, a u cilju unapređenja kvaliteta života.

Research conducted on molecular hydrogen application are rather new, however the latest scientific discoveries consider molecular hydrogen as a significant agent in biomedicine. Owing to the knowledge on its biological availability and terapeutic potential acquired during the last ten years, an increase in the application of molecular hydrogen (H2) for preventive and terapeutic reasons has been noticed. Aging process is most often accompanied by metabolic disorders, obesity, decline in the quality of life and cognitive functions. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient means for treating disorders related to metabolic disorders and cognitive functioning in compliance with research conducted so far. In order to assess the effects of molecular hydrogen application on body composition, metabolic profile and quality of life in adult elder women, two experiments were carried out. Within the first procedure, the effects of its application via oral consumption of hydrogen-rich water solution (HRW) were tested during 28 days. The first experimental research was conducted on the sample of middle-aged overweighted women (n = 10), who randomly consumed hydrogen-rich water and placebo. The effects of HRW application at indicators of body composition, hormonal status, mitochondrial functions, quality of life, eating habits, level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory capacities were analized. The treatment with HRW brought about statistically significant changes in female subjects as well as body fat percentage and upper-arm fat index reduction in women consuming H2 (P < 0.05). The treatment with HRW also resulted in statistically significant reduction of triglyceride values in serum of women consuming H2 in comparison to the placebo group (21.3% vs. 6,5%; P = 0.04), while other blood lipids remained stable during this study (P > 0.05). Levels of serum insulin were decreased to 5.4%, while placebo intervention increased the insulin level up to 29.3% (P = 0.01). This also resulted in statistically significant effects in H2 group in comparison to the placebo group when values of maximal oxygen consumption VO2 max (P ≤ 0.03), total performance during testing (P = 0.01), and total duration of physical endurance test (P ≤ 0.02) are concerned. On the grounds of this research, it might be assumed that H2 can have a positive impact on body structure and insulin resistance, as well as improvement of cardiorespiratory capacities in middle-aged overweighted women. The second experimental procedure referred to the application of molecular hydrogen H2 via inhalation on daily basis, 15 minutes per day over 28 days. The effects of molecular hydrogen application on body composition, cognitive performance and quality of life connected with health of elder women (n = 13) were analized. Inhalation was performed by using inhalator generating 4% of H2. The cognitive function of participants was graded by applying the cognitive MMSE scale, as well as the scale for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog). On the basis of results obtained upon H2 intervention, a statistically significant increase in total results referring to the values of MMSE test (up to 13.7%; P < 0.01) was recorded. Apart from this, a significant improvement of ADAS-Cog values after H2 inhalation was observed, having better performances when testing word recall (P < 0.01) and word recognition (P = 0.01). The findings of both experiments indicate that H2 might be an efficient biomedical agent for managing complex states caused by aging due to metabolic and cognitive disorders, when aiming at improving quality of life.