Specifičnosti antropološkog statusa mladih odbojkašica Vojvodine

Abstract

Na uzorku od 358 devojčica sa teritorije Vojvodine, uzrasta od 11,50 – 16 decimalnih godina, od kojih 186 odbojkašica (najmanje tri godine u trenažnom procesu), i 172 devojčice koje se ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću, sprovedeno je istraživanje morfoloških karakteristika, motoričkih i intelektualnih sposobnosti. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrde specifičnosti mladih odbojkašica u odnosu na devojčice koje se ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću, testiranjem kako kvantitativnih, tako i razlika u strukturi sposobnosti definisanih predmetom istraživanja. Uvidom u rezultate, možemo zaključiti da se devojčice koje se bave odbojkom odlikuju većim vrednostima telesne visine i telesne mase, obima grudi, nadlaktice i podlaktice u odnosu na devojčice koje se ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću. Iako u varijablama za procenu potkožnog masnog tkiva nije došlo do statistički značajnih razlika, u dve od tri grupe vidimo da su kod odbojkašica manje vrednosti varijabli kožnih nabora, ali ne i statistički značajno manje. Navedene razlike grupa devojčica u prostoru morfoloških karakteristika su proizašle na osnovu procesa selekcije i rasta i razvoja (telesna visina, volumen i masa tela), dok se manje vrednosti u potkožnom masnom tkivu odbojkašica mogu pripisati trenažnom tretmanu bavljenja odbojkom. Na osnovu rezultata primenjene kongruencije ekstrahovanih faktora, možemo zaključiti da se grupe devojčica ne razlikuju u strukturi prvih izolovanih faktora – koji definišu strukturu morfološkog prostora, ali da postoji razlika u strukturi drugih i trećih faktora koji definišu varijable za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti i inteligencije. Posebno je važno sagledati razliku u strukturi drugih faktora po uzrastu, odnosno važnost pojedinih motoričkih varijabli gde se vidi da je na uzorku odbojkašica motorički prostor mnogo homogeniji, jasnije definisan, sa dominacijom varijabli za procenu intenziteta i trajanja ekscitacije i struktuiranja kretanja. Na osnovu sprovedenog istraživanja o specifičnostima antropološkog prostora dve grupe devojčica starijeg školskog uzrasta, a u skladu sa postavljenim ciljevima i zadacima i u kome su proveravane definisane hipoteze, može se generalno zaključiti da se devojčice koje su u trenažnom programu – odbojkašice statistički značajno razlikuju u morfološkom i motoričkom prostoru od ispitanica koje se ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću, dok u intelektualnom funkcionisanju dve grupe ispitanica nisu uočene statistički značajne razlike.

A research of morphological features, motor abilities and intelligence was carried out on the sample of 358 girls from the territory of Vojvodina, 11, 50 – 16 years old, out of which 186 female volleyball players (at least three years in training process) and 172 girls that do not practice organized physical activities. The aim of this study was to determine the specificity of young volleyball players compared to girls who are not involved in physical activity, testing of quantitative as well as differences in the structure of skills defined by the subject of research. After examining the results, we can conclude that girls engaged in volleyball are characterized by higher values of body height and body weight, chest circumference, upper arm and forearm girth in relation to girls who are not involved in physical activity. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the variables for estimating body fat, on the basis of the differences in two of the three groups, we see lower skin fold values of volleyball players, but not significantly lower. These differences of girls in the area of morphological characteristics are derived on the basis of the selection process and the growth and development (height, volume and mass of the body), while the lower values in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of volleyball players can be attributed to the training treatment practicing volleyball. Based on the results of applied congruence of factors extracted, it can be concluded that groups of girls do not differ in the structure of the first isolated factors - that define the structure of the morphological space, but there is a difference in the structure of the second and third factors that define the variables of motor abilities and intelligence. It is particularly important to see the difference in the structure of other factors, by age or importance of certain motor variables by which can be seen that the sample of volleyball players in the motor space is far more homogeneous, more clearly defined, with the domination of variables regarding the intensity and duration of excitation and structuring of movement. On the basis of the research on the specificity of the anthropological area, two groups of girls of school age, in line with the set goals and tasks in which they checked defined hypotheses, a general conclusion is that girls who are in the training program - volleyball players differ significantly in morphology and motor area in respect of girls who are not involved in physical activity, while in the intellectual functioning of two groups of subjects were not observed statistically significant differences.