Razvoj logističkog modela za upravljanje komunalnim otpadom primenom heurističkih metoda

Abstract

Inadequate collection and transport, as functions of municipal waste management, result in enormous economic and ecological losses, and represent a significant incentive to a great number of researchers with the aim of discovering appropriate systemic solutions. A set of vehicles that support the process of collection and transport of municipal waste most often comprise the majority of vehicle fleets of public utility companies, which is usually around 50–70% of transport units. This process is also dominant in those business systems that integrate several public utilities. In such systems, there are 15–40% of transport units that support the process of collection and transport of municipal waste. Through optimization and application of heuristic and metaheuristic methods on only one of these systems, it is possible to reduce the cost of fuel for vehicles by 10 ÷ 25%. The choice of the optimal logistic model for collection and transport of municipal waste in urban areas implies the consideration of a large number of limitations. This number has imposed the need for the application of various algorithms for obtaining optimal solutions. In this dissertation, for the purpose of obtaining an optimal logistic model of collection and transport of municipal waste, the C-W savings algorithm was applied to yield an initial solution, while its improvement was performed by applying the 2-OPT search algorithm and the SA algorithm. The dissertation presents four models, whose simulation led to the optimal model that represents the dynamic model of vehicle routing for collection and transport of municipal waste. The developed methodology was applied to a real problem of waste collection and transport in the City of Niš, and the obtained results show the achieved reduction in fuel for vehicles and operation time of 10%. Thus developed model served as the basis for the development of a conceptual expert system model that predicts the use of information and communication technologies in the design of optimal routes in real time. Such a model can help companies that deal with waste collection and transport to achieve even greater fuel savings and reduction in operating costs.