Invarijantnost motornih obrazaca pri bočnom volej udarcu u fudbalu
Invariance of motor patterns in side-volleyed kick in football
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Predmet ove studije je stepen uspešnosti izvođenja bočnog volej udarca u fudbalu u
osdnosu na kinematiku lopte i mehaničke uslove izvođenja pokreta. Studija je izrađena sa
ciljem da se kod vrhunskih fudbalera odredi, iz aspekta razmene brzine i preciznosti, šema
optimizovanja kretanja po kriterijumu efikasnosti i ekonomičnosti bočnog volej udarca.
Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 30 ispitanika – profesionalnih fudbalera koji su
članovi nacionalne selekcije Srbije, i koji nastupaju u inostranim klubovima (FC Chelsea, FC
Benfica, FC Genk, FC München 1860, FC Leiria, FC Košice, FC Luch – Energia, FC
London City) i Super lige Srbije (FK Crvena zvezda, FK Partizan, FK OFK Beograd).
Ispitanici su imali zadatak da izvedu bočni volej udarac gađajući gol loptom koja im je
dolazila u tri visine i tri brzine. Uzorak varijabli se sastojao iz dve kriterijumske (brzina i
visina lopte) i 25 prediktorskih varijabli. Merenje kinematskih varijabli je izvršeno u hali
Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog va...spitanja pomoću 3D infra-crvenog sistema QUALISYS.
Dobijeni podaci su obrađeni deskriptivnom i komparativnom statistikom.
Utvrđena su dva načina izvođenja bočnog volej udarca u odnosu na brzinu i visinu
lopte. Za visoke i brze lopte pokret se izvodi „zamrznutom“ pozicijom segmenata kinetičkog
lanca, tj. koristi se relativno simultana kinematička šema. Za niske i spore lopte koristi se
otvorena kinematička šema („bič“). Utvrđeno je postojanje promena u kinematičkoj
adaptaciji lokomotornog aparata na različite mehaničke uslove izvođenja pokreta bočnog
volej udarca. Povećanjem brzine dolazeće lopte povećava se brzina realizacije pokreta i
skraćuje egzekutivna faza po trajanju. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se po principu
Bernštajnovih sinergija slaganje brzina pojedinačnih segmenata odvija na različit način u
odnosu na zadatu brzinu lopte. Potvrđena je generalna teorija upravljanja brzim pokretima u
delu koji ukazuje da se fudbaler iz aspekta vizuelne percepcije najmanje adaptira na prebrze i
prespore lopte. Postoji direktan uticaj brzine i visine lopte na održanje dinamičke stabilnosti
sistema. Postoji sličan način upravljanja pokretom za niske i srednje lopte kada je u pitanju
kontrola trajanja...
The subject of this study is the degree of success of performing a side kick volley in
football compared to the kinematics of the ball and the mechanical conditions of the
movement performance. The study has been aimed in order to determine (define), from the
aspect of the speed exchange rate and accuracy, the pattern of the optimizing the movement
on the criterion of the side kick volley efficiency in the professional football players. The
research has been conducted on 30 (thirty) subjects – the professional football players who
are the members of the Serbian national team and who play in the foreign clubs (FC Chelsea,
FC Benefica,FC Genk, FC München 1860 ,FC Leiria,FC Kosice, FC Luch – Energia, FC
London City) and the members of the Serbian Super League ( FC Crvena Zvezda, FC
Partizan, FC OFK Beograd). The respondents were asked to perform the side kick volley
goal by hitting the ball coming in three (3) heights and three (3) speeds. The sample of the
variables consisted of two (2) ...criteria (the speed and the height of the ball) and 25 predictor
variables. The measurement of the kinematic variables has been carried out in the hall of the
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education with the 3D infra – red system QUALISYS. The
gathered data have been analysed by the descriptive and comparative statistics.
Two ways of performing the side kick volley in terms of the speed and the height of
the ball have been given. For the high and fast balls the movement is being performed in the
frozen position of the kinetic chain segments, i. e. the relatively simultaneous kinematic
scheme is being used. For the low and slow balls the open kinematic scheme (“whip”) is
being used. The existance of the changes in kinematic adaptation of the locomotor system to
different mechanic conditions when performing the side volley shot has been indetified. With
(by) the increase of the coming ball speed, the speed of the realization of the movement is
being increased and the lasting of the executive phase is being reduces. The results indicate
that, by the principle of Bernstein’s synergies, the matching of the speeds of the individual
segments has been performed in a a way different from the given speed of the ball. The
general theory of the fast movement control, in the section indicating that the football player,
from the aspect of visual perception adapts the least to the balls coming too fast or too slow,
has been confirmed. There is a direct effect of the speed and height of the ball on the
maintenance of the dynamic stability of the system. There is a similar way of managing the
movement for the low and medium balls considering the control of the lasting period...